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This open access book consists of 39 short essays that exemplify
how interactions between inter- and trans-national
interdependencies and domestic factors have shaped the dynamics of
social policy in various parts of the world at different points in
time. Each chapter highlights a specific type of interdependence
which has been identified to provide us with a nuanced
understanding of specific social policy developments at discrete
points in history. The volume is divided into four parts that are
concerned with a particular type of cross-border interrelation. The
four parts examine the impact on social policy of trade relations
and economic crises, violence, international organisations and
cross-border communication and migration. This book will be of
interest to academics and postgraduate students in the field of
social policy, global history and welfare state research from
diverse disciplines: sociology, political science, history, law and
economics.
This open access book consists of 39 short essays that exemplify
how interactions between inter- and trans-national
interdependencies and domestic factors have shaped the dynamics of
social policy in various parts of the world at different points in
time. Each chapter highlights a specific type of interdependence
which has been identified to provide us with a nuanced
understanding of specific social policy developments at discrete
points in history. The volume is divided into four parts that are
concerned with a particular type of cross-border interrelation. The
four parts examine the impact on social policy of trade relations
and economic crises, violence, international organisations and
cross-border communication and migration. This book will be of
interest to academics and postgraduate students in the field of
social policy, global history and welfare state research from
diverse disciplines: sociology, political science, history, law and
economics.
Die Nationalratswahlen im Herbst 1999 haben die politische
Landschaft OEsterreichs einschneidend verandert. Im Februar 2000
wurde die neue OEVP/FPOE-Koalition unter Bundeskanzler Wolfgang
Schussel vereidigt. Die Autoren zeigen, dass dieser Machtwechsel
sowohl in programmatischer Hinsicht als auch auf Ebene der
politischen Entscheidungsprozesse und der realisierten Massnahmen
zu einem Bruch mit den fur die Nachkriegsjahrzehnte
charakteristischen Politik- und Entscheidungsmustern in der
Sozialpolitik gefuhrt hat.
Das Wirtschaftswachstum ist ein Schlusselindikator fur
wirtschaftlichen Erfolg. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht den
Einfluss politisch-institutioneller Faktoren auf die
wirtschaftliche Entwicklung im weltweiten Vergleich sowie fur 21
wirtschaftlich fortgeschrittene OECD-Demokratien. Im weltweiten
Vergleich werden wirtschaftliche Freiheits- und Eigentumsrechte
sowie politische Stabilitat als zentrale Bedingungen fur
dauerhaftes Wirtschaftswachstum identifiziert. In den OECD-Landern
liegt die politische Dimension wirtschaftlichen Wachstums in der
Staatstatigkeit, wobei der konsistenten Vernetzung
unterschiedlicher Politikfelder eine wichtige Bedeutung zukommt.
This is the comprehensively-revised second edition of a volume that
was welcomed at its first appearance as 'the most authoritative
survey and critique of the welfare state yet published'. Its
fifty-one chapters have been written by acknowledged experts in the
field from across Europe, Australia, and North America. Some
chapters are brand new; all have been systematically revised, and
they are right up to date. The first seven sections of the book
cover the themes of Ethics, History, Approaches, Inputs and Actors,
Policies, Policy Outcomes, and Worlds of Welfare. A final chapter
is devoted to the future of welfare and well-being under the
imperatives of climate change. Every chapter is written in a way
that is both comprehensive and succinct, introducing the novice
reader to the essentials of what is going on while providing new
insights for the more experienced researcher. Wherever appropriate,
the handbook brings the very latest empirical evidence to bear. It
is a book that is thoroughly comparative in every way. The Oxford
Handbook of the Welfare State, second edition, is a comprehensible
and comprehensive survey of everything that it is important to know
about the welfare state in these troubled times. It is an
indispensable source for everyone who wants to know what is really
going on now, and what is likely to happen next.
Der Band vermittelt Aktuelles und Grundlegendes zum Verstandnis
politischer OEkonomie. Didaktischer Leitgedanke ist der
Zusammenhang zwischen Politik und wirtschaftlicher
Leistungsfahigkeit in demokratisch verfassten OECD-Landern.
Mit diesem Sammelband mochten die Autoren und Herausgeber zur
SchlieBung ei ner Lticke in der deutschsprachigen
Politikwissenschaft beitragen. In den angel sachsischen Landem
nimmt die Politische Okonomie einen zentralen Platz sowohl in der
Wirtschafts- wie auch in der Politikwissenschaft ein. Allerdings
dringen dort Oko nomen zunehmend in traditionelle Arbeitsgebiete
der Politikwissenschaft vor, ebenso wie sich Politikwissenschaftler
ftir zuvor genu in okonomische Fragestellungen, wie etwa die
Determinanten der Arbeitslosigkeit, zu interessieren begonnen
haben. Dieser Prozess hat wesentlich zur gegenwlirtigen Diskussion
tiber die Standortbestimmung des politikwissenschaftlichen Zugangs
zu politisch-okonomischen Fragen beigetra gen. 1m deutschsprachigen
Raum ist die Untersuchung der Interaktionen zwischen Politik und
Wirtschaft immer noch durch eine Abschottung der Disziplinen unter
einander charakterisiert. Insgesamt gesehen werden die
unterschiedlichen Starken des jeweiligen Zuganges kaum
wahrgenommen. Ein Ziel dieses Buches ist daher, die spezifischen
Starken des politikwissenschaftlichen Ansatzes zur Analyse des
VerhaItnisses von Politik und Wirtschaft besser sichtbar zu machen.
Dieser Band richtet sich an fortgeschrittene Studierende und an
interessierte Fachkolleginnen und -kollegen, die sich einen
kompakten Oberblick tiber Theorien und Forschungsstand zum Einfluss
politisch-institutioneller StellgroBen auf die wirtschaftliche
Leistungsfahigkeit demokratisch verfasster Industrielander verschaf
fen wollen. Urn den Zugang zum Themenfeld fUr Studierende zu
erleichtern, wer den zentrale Fachbegriffe in einem Glossar
erlautert. Die praxisbezogene Relevanz des Bandes resultiert aus
dem zunehmenden ge sellschaftlichen Bedarf nach einem Benchmarking
der unterschiedlichen Wirt schafts- und Sozialpolitiken der
westlichen Demokratien. Die Erkundung der poli
tisch-institutionellen Rahmenbedingungen fUr wirtschaftlichen
Erfolg und Misser folg kann hierzu einen wichtigen Beitrag
leisten."
The Oxford Handbook of the Welfare State is the authoritative and
definitive guide to the contemporary welfare state. In a volume
consisting of nearly fifty newly-written chapters, a broad range of
the world's leading scholars offer a comprehensive account of
everything one needs to know about the modern welfare state. The
Handbook is divided into eight sections. It opens with three
chapters that evaluate the philosophical case for (and against) the
welfare state. Surveys of the welfare state's history and of the
approaches taken to its study are followed by four extended
sections, running to some thirty-five chapters in all, which offer
a comprehensive and in-depth survey of our current state of
knowledge across the whole range of issues that the welfare state
embraces. The first of these sections looks at inputs and actors
(including the roles of parties, unions, and employers), the impact
of gender and religion, patterns of migration and a changing public
opinion, the role of international organisations and the impact of
globalization. The next two sections cover policy inputs (in areas
such as pensions, health care, disability, care of the elderly,
unemployment, and labour market activation) and their outcomes (in
terms of inequality and poverty, macroeconomic performance, and
retrenchment). The seventh section consists of seven chapters which
survey welfare state experience around the globe (and not just
within the OECD). Two final chapters consider questions about the
global future of the welfare state.
The individual chapters of the Handbook are written in an informed
but accessible way by leading researchers in their respective
fields giving the reader an excellent and truly up-to-date
knowledge of the area under discussion. Taken together, they
constitute a comprehensive compendium of all that is best in
contemporary welfare state research and a unique guide to what is
happening now in this most crucial and contested area of social and
political development.
Transformations of the Welfare State gives a new twist to the
longstanding debate on the impact of economic globalization on the
welfare state. The authors focus on several small, advanced OECD
economies in order to assess whether (and how) the welfare state
will be able to compete under conditions of an increasingly
integrated world economy.
Small states can be seen as an 'early warning system' for general
trends, because of their dependence on world markets and
vulnerability to competitive pressures. The book's theoretical part
innovatively integrates the literature on the political economy of
small states with more recent research on the impact of
globalization on social policy to generate a set of ideal-typical
policy scenarios. In the main body of the book, the authors
systematically test these scenarios against the experience of four
countries: Austria, Denmark, New Zealand, and Switzerland.
The comparative, in-depth analysis of reform trajectories since the
1970s in four key policy areas; pensions, labor market policy,
health care, and family policy provides, according to the authors,
substantial evidence of a new convergence in welfare state
patterns. They go on to argue that this amounts to a fundamental
transformation of the welfare state from the old Keynesian welfare
state positioned 'against the market' to a new set of supply-side
policies 'with' and 'for' the market. Yet one of the big lessons to
be learned from this timely study is that the transformation does
not match the doomsday scenario predicted by neo-classical
economists in the 1990s. There is no evidence of a 'race to the
bottom' of social expenditure and standards of social protection,
nor of a convergence towards a 'liberal' social policy model.
Looking to the possible future of the welfare state in an era newly
marked by profound uncertainty, the authors sound an optimistic
note for states of any size.
In this unique and provocative contribution to the literatures of
political science and social policy, ten leading experts question
prevailing views that federalism always inhibits the growth of
social solidarity. Their comparative study of the evolution of
political institutions and welfare states in the six oldest federal
states - Australia, Austria, Canada, Germany, Switzerland, the US -
reveals that federalism can facilitate and impede social policy
development. Development is contingent on several time-dependent
factors, including degree of democratization, type of federalism,
and the stage of welfare state development and early distribution
of social policy responsibility. The reciprocal nature of the
federalism-social policy relationship also becomes apparent: the
authors identify a set of important bypass structures within
federal systems that have resulted from welfare state growth. In an
era of retrenchment and unravelling unitary states, this study
suggests that federalism may actually protect the welfare state,
and welfare states may enhance national integration.
In this unique and provocative contribution to the literatures of
political science and social policy, ten leading experts question
prevailing views that federalism always inhibits the growth of
social solidarity. Their comparative study of the evolution of
political institutions and welfare states in the six oldest federal
states - Australia, Austria, Canada, Germany, Switzerland, the US -
reveals that federalism can facilitate and impede social policy
development. Development is contingent on several time-dependent
factors, including degree of democratization, type of federalism,
and the stage of welfare state development and early distribution
of social policy responsibility. The reciprocal nature of the
federalism-social policy relationship also becomes apparent: the
authors identify a set of important bypass structures within
federal systems that have resulted from welfare state growth. In an
era of retrenchment and unravelling unitary states, this study
suggests that federalism may actually protect the welfare state,
and welfare states may enhance national integration.
Dieses Handbuch gibt einen UEberblick uber den aktuellen Stand der
Sozialpolitikforschung. Es beleuchtet aus vergleichender
Perspektive die historische Entwicklung der Sozialpolitik, ebenso
wie aktuelle Herausforderungen, Reformtrends und ihre Auswirkungen.
Schliesslich informiert das Handbuch uber die Theorien des
Sozialstaates und die Methoden der Sozialpolitikforschung. Der
Inhalt * Geschichte der Sozialpolitik * Theorien der Sozialpolitik
* Varianten und Typologien des Sozialstaats * Methoden der
Sozialpolitikforschung * Herausforderungen der Sozialpolitik *
Politikfelder * Resultate und Wirkungen der Sozialpolitik Die
Herausgeber Dr. Herbert Obinger ist Universitatsprofessor fur
vergleichende Staatstatigkeitsforschung an der Universitat Bremen.
Dr. Manfred G. Schmidt ist Universitatsprofessor fur Politische
Wissenschaft an der Universitat Heidelberg.
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