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The biennial International Gothenburg Symposia on Chemical Water
and Waste water Treatment have proven to be a unique platform for
the exchange of ideas and experiences between administrators,
engineers and scientists active in the fields of water supply,
wastewater disposal and pollution control. The First Symposium
(Gothenburg, 1984) provided a long needed survey over theory and
application of chemical water and wastewater treatment. The Second
Symposium (Berlin, 1986) was devoted to aspects of recycling in
chemical water and wastewater technology. The Third Symposium
(Gothenburg, 1988) recognised the growing need and the potentials
of pretreatment. These proceedings of the 4th Symposium focus on
technology transfer from chemical treatment theory to practical
treatment of drinking water and industrial or domestic wastewater.
The contributions are devoted to questions of floc for mation and
floc separation as well as problems and practical solutions
associated with chemicals and dosing control. Special attention is
given to the combination of chemical and biological processes for
nutrient removal from wastewater. It is the editors' privilege to
acknowledge the invaluable help from the authors of this book. It
is the editors' hope that they might convey the significance and
potential of chemical treatment in solving the challenging problems
water purification, wastewater disposal and pollution control.
The International Gothenburg Symposia on Chemical Treatment have
proven to be a unique platform for the exchange of ideas between
theory and practice. They bring together administrators, engineers
and scientists, who are concerned with water purification and
wastewater treatment through precipitation, coagulation and
subsequent solid/liquid separation. This volume contains the
proceedings of the 3rd Symposium, focussing on Pretreatment.
Pretreatment is understood as the scene total of all measures taken
at the pollutant source to protect water supply, the sewerage
system, the central treatment plant, and the aqueous environment.
It is, where applicable, the most efficient measure in ecological
and economic respects. The contributions of this third volume
address questions of surveillance, automation and remote control of
installations as well as the principles of legal, administrative
and economic measures for regulations within the context of
pretreatment. Special attention is given to the possibilities and
limits of pretreatment of industrial discharges. Again it is the
editors'privilege to acknowledge the invaluable help from the
authors of this book. It is the editors' hope that they might
convey the significance and potential of pretreatment in water
supply, in industrial waste management and in municipal wastewater
treatment and sludge handling.
With joy and pride parents observe the coming of age of their
children, confer. , ence conveners the acceptance of their
programmes, and editors the demand for their volumes. The
scientific advisory board of the Gothenburg . . Symposia, the
Springer publishing house of the proceedings and the editors are
more than pleased with the fact that the demand for these books far
exceeds the supply. The themes vocalized by the Gothenburg Symposia
reHect research and development needs for the environment more than
envisioned at the concep tion of the conferences. An
environment-oriented analysis of the situation, not confined to the
European community, furnishes the following results: (1) Due to the
very high population density in many areas environmental quality is
endangered; this has become apparent at the very moment in
particular in the aqueous habitat and is corroborated by
corresponding regulation proposals from the European Council. (2)
Pollution control concepts and measures are developed to a varying
degree in many countries of the world, reHecting in most instances
the need for environmental protection and the closely related devel
opment of (judicial and technical) measures. In most instances
these controlling and protective measures need to be intensified.
(3) Thus, nearly all countries face the problem of developing
and/or improving pollution control strategies, i. e. building new
treatment plants, upgrading overloaded or outdated instal lations
and designing new operating and controlling strategies for improved
plant performance.
It was intended to return with the International Gothenburg
Symposia every other time to the birthplace of these events,
Gothenburg in Sweden. But instead the 8th symposium has been
invited to be organized and held in Prague, i. e. in the midst of
Central and Eastern Europe a region now keen on intensified
environmental control. This attests that the symposia have attained
such standing in the interna tional world of operators, designers,
officers and researchers in water treatment technology that their
presence in various parts of the world has been requested. And this
ever growing significance, in short the success of this conference
series, stems form the fact that the symposia offer a unique
platform for the exchange of ideas and experiences on all aspects
of water and wastewater treatment between administrators, engineers
and scientists. The content of this book, i. e. the schedule of the
symposium lectures, results for the most part from a vast response
to an international call for papers. Many excellent contributions
are included in this volume but at the same time many outstanding
ones could not be included for lack of time and space. The total
sum of these contributions document again the development in the
field, both in terms of new technological (and other) developments
as well as public and administrative acceptance and approval of
solutions offered."
Exactly ten years ago an experiment was started that proved to be
extremely successful: the First Gothenburg Symposium. Its intent
was to further the under standing of all processes pertaining to
Chemical Water and Wastewater Treatment, and to bring together
specialists working in basic research as well as in devel opment
and administration. Now, the Proceedings of the Sixth Symposium are
about to be published, clearly proving that there is a need for
this forum. They dramatically illustrate the significance and the
dynamic development of the topics of these symposia. It is
fascinating to witness that in this time of reduced economic growth
or even standstill, the environmental drive has not come to a halt,
as many anticipated or feared. It is accepted more and more that
the protection of the environment, a constant theme in all the
Gothenburg Symposia, is not only a topic to be dealt with in times
of affluence; it is now also seen as an instrument for cutting ex
penditure, saving energy, and husbanding resources. The ever
growing interest in these Gothenburg Symposia, documented by the
large number of contributions the scientific panel received and the
large demand for the books of this series that always exceeds the
supply, testify to this commitment."
This seventh symposium in the series of biennial Gothenburg
Symposia, taking place in Edingburgh 1996 continues to bring
together research scientists, designing and operating engineers and
funding and supervising administrators. It also has enlarged the
scope of its platform by bringing together concerned specialists
from Western countries and Central and Eastern Europe and
furthermore attempts to bridge the gap between developing and
industrialized countries. The traditionally presented topics, such
as treatment of potable water and wastwater predominantly by
chemical means are of utmost importance for those that need
immediate action at reasonable costs. It is particularly noteworthy
that an increasing number of contributions address these problems
of the emerging need for environmental protection. And more and
more presentations are delivered by experts from Central and
Eastern Europe and from developing countries. Again the proceedings
of this seventh symposium indicate and demonstrate new developments
that advance the field of water and wastewater treatment. Be sides
the ever present topics there is now a whole section on automation
and control, a highly significant topic for water technology that
so far has not received too much attention in symposia of this kind
addressing theoreticians and prac titioners at the same time."
For the ninth Gothenburg Symposium time design and operation
engineers as well as supervising and funding administrators in
chemical water and waste water treatment, have come together to
exchange ideas, experiences and personal views on issues of water
and waste water management. While the main thrust of past symposia
was in the description of the technological know-how of existing
chemical unit-operations in water technology this ninth symposium
focuses in addition on aspects of overall energy and mass flux
analyses, the strive for more and more sustainable solutions (not
only in technological turns) and public private partnership in all
areas of water management. As the symposium in its effort to
address also different geographical areas and therefore different
water problems moved to Istanbul in Turkey a special effort was
made in developing a platform for industrial water management.
Fallung, Flockung und die dazugehorige Abtrennung sind
"Arbeitspferde' der Wasseraufbereitung, ebenso wie die
mechanisch-biologische Behandlung das wichtigste Grundverfahren der
Abwasserreinigung ist. Mit zunehmender In- tensivierung der
Wassernutzung und der sich ergebenden Verkiirzung des natiirlichen
Wasserkreislaufes verlieren sich die Unterschiede zwischen Wasser-
aufbereitung und Wasserreinigung mehr und mehr. Und die Dosierung
fallungs- und flockungswirksamer Chemikalien wird zu einem haufiger
eingesetzten Ver- fahren in der intensivierten Abwasserreinigung.
Es ist also zweifelsohne an der Zeit, diese ProzeBschritte
allgemein als wichtige wassertechnologische Verfah- ren
darzustellen und im Hinblick auf Grundlagen, Anwendungsbereiche und
Leistungsfahigkeit zu analysieren. Das Hauptanliegen dieses Buches
ist, den Ingenieur der Wassergiitewirt- schaft und des
Siedlungswasserbaus - Studenten und in der Praxis Stehende
gleichermaBen - mit den Moglichkeiten und Grenzen von" Fallung,
Flockung, Abtrennung" in der Wassertechnologie vertraut zu machen.
Dabei liegt in den mehr anwendungsorientierten Kapiteln das
Schwergewicht der Darstellung bei der Erorterung der Moglichkeiten
in der Abwasserreinigung in Ubereinstim- mung mit der eingangs
beschriebenen Entwicklungstendenz. Mit den einleitenden Bemerkungen
wird versucht, die Wechselwirkung und auch die Verwandtschaft
zwischen Wasseraufbereitung und Abwasserreinigung vor dem
Hintergrund der Nutzungsvielfalt der Wasserresourcen darzustellen.
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