Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made available for future generations to enjoy.

Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made available for future generations to enjoy.

Voters in a democratic society should have confidence in the electoral process. Yet, as Americans have witnessed in every election since 2000, voting-the basic act of citizenship-is under assault: technologically complex, subject to manipulation, and fiercely contested on many levels. Documenting the areas of collapse in the American electoral process, this book analyzes ongoing problems in the casting and counting of ballots, as well as new threats: future elections could be compromised by new voting machines that are unreliable, poorly programmed, and prone to tampering. At this critical moment for American democracy, the author issues a call for urgently needed reforms. Our electoral system was not built for high-intensity conflict, high voter turnout, and close elections. This book: Systematically examines the problems voters may face as they cast a vote and the factors that may prevent a cast ballot from being counted. Clarifies the degree to which electronic voting machines' security and reliability have been problematic in elections. Critically analyzes acts of voting intimidation and discrimination in the 2000 and 2004 presidential elections. Traces the increasing number of election lawsuits, a trend established as a result of the 2000 election debacle. Explains the intent of the U.S. founders and fundamental Constitutional principles as they relate to electoral politics at the national level. Proposes reform measures to reclaim America's electoral system for the people.

It was by far the most controversial document to emerge from Vatican II-- "Dignitatis Humanae," or the Declaration on Religious Freedom. Drafted largely by prominent Jesuit theologian John Courtney Murray, it represented a departure from previous Catholic teachings in that it acknowledged and accepted as normative the separation between Church and State and declared religious freedom a fundamental human right. In doing this, it set forth guidelines for the role of the Catholic Church in secular liberal and pluralistic societies.

Nearly four decades later, Herminio Rico examines the continued relevance of this declaration in today's world, compares its most paradigmatic interpretations, and proposes a reconsideration of its import for contemporary church-society relationships. He offers a detailed analysis of how Pope John Paul II has appropriated, interpreted, and developed the main themes of the document, and how he has applied them to such contentious modern issues as the fall of Communism and the rise of secular pluralism. In addition, Rico sets forth his own vision of the future of "Dignitatis Humanae," and how the profound themes of the declaration can be applied in years to come to help the church find a way to engage effectively with, and within, pluralistic societies.

Of interest to students of Catholic thought, church-society relationships, the legacy of John Courtney Murray, and the teachings of John Paul II, this book offers a fresh perspective on one of the most important documents in the modern history of the Catholic church.

This is a comprehensive long-run history of economic and political change in the Iberian Peninsula. Beginning with the development of the old medieval kingdoms, it goes on to explore two countries, Portugal and Spain, which during the early modern period possessed vast empires and played an essential role in the global economic and political developments. It traces how and why both countries began to fall behind during the first stages of industrialization and modern economic growth only to achieve remarkable economic development during the second half of the twentieth century. Written by a team of leading historians, the book sheds new light on all aspects of economic history from population, agriculture, manufacturing and international trade to government, finance and welfare. The book include extensive new data and will be an essential work of reference for scholars of Portugal and Spain and also of comparative European economic development.

The third volume of Leibniz s philosophical letters documents the critical period when he first disclosed his philosophical system to the general public. This took place in two papers published around 1695, the Specimen dynamicum and the Systeme nouveau, whose basic theses were a subject of discussion in multiple letters (including Leibniz s correspondence with de Volder and Wagner)."

Der zweite Band der philosophischen Korrespondenz zeigt Leibniz wahrend seiner Tatigkeit in Hannover und Wolfenbuttel, unterbrochen durch die mehrjahrige Reise nach Suddeutschland und Italien (1687 1690). Eine besondere Stellung nimmt der gewichtige Briefwechsel mit Antoine Arnauld ein, in dem es nach dem Anfang 1686 verfassten ersten metaphysischen Systementwurf, dem sogenannten "Discours de metaphysique," vor allem um Fragen des Substanzbegriffs und eine vertiefte Explikation seiner metaphysischen Grundpositionen geht. Wichtige metaphysische Diskussionen werden ebenfalls im Briefwechsel mit Foucher erortert, die schon nahe heran an den Entwurf des "Systeme nouveau de la communication des substances" von 1695 fuhren. Nach der Italienreise ist es dann vor allem die ausfuhrliche Korrespondenz mit Fardella, seit 1694 Professor fur Mathematik in Padua, in der es Leibniz um die Erorterung metaphysischer Grundgedanken geht. Leibniz ist bereits auf dem Weg zu seinem "Specimen dynamicum" von 1695. Infolgedessen spielt in dieser Zeit auch seine erneute (erstmals 1684 offentlich gemachte) und vertiefte Auseinandersetzung mit Descartes und dessen Materiebegriff und die Entwicklung eines eigenen Kraftbegriffs eine grosse Rolle, so z. B. in den Korrespondenzen mit Bossuet, Pellisson-Fontanier, Huygens und Bayle. Leibniz beginnt einen Briefwechsel mit Basnage de Bauval in Den Haag, dem Herausgeber der "Histoire des ouvrages des savants," in dem es um allgemeine Neuigkeiten aus der respublica literaria, aber auch um die Kritik an Descartes geht. In den mit Bossuet, Pellisson-Fontanier und von Seckendorff gewechselten Briefen geht es daruber hinaus auch um theologische Probleme und Fragen der Reunion. Hauptthemen dieser Jahre sind demnach vor allem die Fundamentierung seines metaphysischen Systems und die damit verbundene Descartes-Kritik, wobei die Begriffe der Kraft und der Substanz im Zentrum stehen, insbesondere auch die logische Begrundung des vollstandigen Begriffs der singularen Substanz. Der erste Band der philosophischen Korrespondenz, der bereits 1926 allerdings ohne wissenschaftlichen Apparat erschienen war, ist im Marz 2006 in einer zweiten, vollstandig neu bearbeiteten und erweiterten Auflage mit Uberlieferungen, Varianten, Kommentaren, Register und Konkordanzen vorgelegt worden."

In these firsthand accounts of the early church, the spirit of Pentecost burns with prophetic force through the fog enveloping the modern church. A clear and vibrant faith lives on in these writings, providing a guide for Christians today. Its stark simplicity and revolutionary fervor will stun those lulled by conventional Christianity. The Early Christians is a topically arranged collection of primary sources. It includes extra-biblical sayings of Jesus and excerpts from Origen, Tertullian, Polycarp, Clement of Alexandria, Justin, Irenaeus, Hermas, Ignatius, and others. Equally revealing material from pagan contemporaries - critics, detractors, and persecutors - is included as well.

The first wave of trailblazing female law professors and the stage they set for American democracy. When it comes to breaking down barriers for women in the workplace, Ruth Bader Ginsburg's name speaks volumes for itself-but, as she clarifies in the foreword to this long-awaited book, there are too many trailblazing names we do not know. Herma Hill Kay, former Dean of UC Berkeley School of Law and Ginsburg's closest professional colleague, wrote Paving the Way to tell the stories of the first fourteen female law professors at ABA- and AALS-accredited law schools in the United States. Kay, who became the fifteenth such professor, labored over the stories of these women in order to provide an essential history of their path for the more than 2,000 women working as law professors today and all of their feminist colleagues. Because Herma Hill Kay, who died in 2017, was able to obtain so much first-hand information about the fourteen women who preceded her, Paving the Way is filled with details, quiet and loud, of each of their lives and careers from their own perspectives. Kay wraps each story in rich historical context, lest we forget the extraordinarily difficult times in which these women lived. Paving the Way is not just a collection of individual stories of remarkable women but also a well-crafted interweaving of law and society during a historical period when women's voices were often not heard and sometimes actively muted. The final chapter connects these first fourteen women to the "second wave" of women law professors who achieved tenure-track appointments in the 1960s and 1970s, carrying on the torch and analogous challenges. This is a decidedly feminist project, one that Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg advocated for tirelessly and admired publicly in the years before her death.