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This is the first book to examine social learning and innovation in
hunter-gatherers from around the world. More is known about social
learning in chimpanzees and nonhuman primates than is known about
social learning in hunter-gatherers, a way of life that
characterized most of human history. The book describes diverse
patterns of learning and teaching behaviors in contemporary
hunter-gatherers from the perspectives of cultural anthropology,
ecological anthropology, biological anthropology, and developmental
psychology. The book addresses several theoretical issues including
the learning hypothesis which suggests that the fate of Homo
sapiens and Neanderthals in the last glacial period might have been
due to the differences in learning ability. It has been
unequivocally claimed that social learning is intrinsically
important for human beings; however, the characteristics of human
learning remain under a dense fog despite innumerable studies with
children from urban-industrial cultures. Controversy continues on
problems such as: do hunter-gatherers teach? If so, what types of
teaching occur, who does it, how often, under what contexts, and so
on. The book explores the most basic and intrinsic aspects of
social learning as well as the foundation of innovative activities
in everyday activities of contemporary hunter-gatherer people
across the earth. The book examines how hunter-gatherer core
values, such as gender and age egalitarianism and extensive sharing
of food and childcare are transmitted and acquired by children.
Chapters are grouped into five sections: 1) theoretical
perspectives of learning in hunter-gatherers, 2) modes and
processes of social learning in hunter-gatherers, 3) innovation and
cumulative culture, 4) play and other cultural contexts of social
learning and innovation, 5) biological contexts of learning and
innovation. Ideas and concepts based on the data gathered through
an intensive fieldwork by the authors will give much insight into
the mechanisms and meanings of learning and education in modern
humans.
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