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This book explores the rise of Hizbullah as a direct consequence of
both the Iranian Revolution and the entanglement of Lebanon in the
Arab-Israeli conflict. Protracted civil war and overwhelming
foreign intervention by Lebanon's neighbors enabled Hizbullah to
emerge as the country's dominant politico-military force. Hizbullah
disabled the Lebanese political system and, in its capacity as
Iran's premier foreign proxy, allowed the Islamic Republic to take
the lead in the regional tug of war with Israel. In its quest for
achieving a distinguished regional status commensurate with its
ambitions, Iran used Hizbullah to abort the Syrian uprising,
actively contribute to its burgeoning influence in Iraq, and
participate in its propaganda war against Saudi Arabia on a range
of issues. The renewed U.S. sanctions on Iran coincided with a
worldwide campaign to dry up Hizbullah's sources of funding and
compromised its integrity as a critical provider of patronage to
its Lebanese Shi'ite base of support. The emergence of Russia as
the real power player in Syria made it extremely difficult for
Hizbullah to justify the high human cost it incurred to salvage the
regime of Bashar Asad. This book examines the rise of Hizbullah and
the marginalization and repression of Shi'ites that made them
susceptible to exploitation by their sectarian leaders.
This book explores the rise of Hizbullah as a direct consequence of
both the Iranian Revolution and the entanglement of Lebanon in the
Arab-Israeli conflict. Protracted civil war and overwhelming
foreign intervention by Lebanon’s neighbors enabled Hizbullah to
emerge as the country’s dominant politico-military force.
Hizbullah disabled the Lebanese political system and, in its
capacity as Iran’s premier foreign proxy, allowed the Islamic
Republic to take the lead in the regional tug of war with Israel.
In its quest for achieving a distinguished regional status
commensurate with its ambitions, Iran used Hizbullah to abort the
Syrian uprising, actively contribute to its burgeoning influence in
Iraq, and participate in its propaganda war against Saudi Arabia on
a range of issues. The renewed U.S. sanctions on Iran coincided
with a worldwide campaign to dry up Hizbullah’s sources of
funding and compromised its integrity as a critical provider of
patronage to its Lebanese Shi’ite base of support. The emergence
of Russia as the real power player in Syria made it extremely
difficult for Hizbullah to justify the high human cost it incurred
to salvage the regime of Bashar Asad. This book examines the rise
of Hizbullah and the marginalization and repression of Shi’ites
that made them susceptible to exploitation by their sectarian
leaders.
This book investigates the social and political orientation of
ordinary Lebanese citizens toward the Palestinian presence in
Lebanon, as well as the Palestinian refugees' perceptions of their
situation and status. Of all the countries hosting Palestinians,
Lebanon confronts probably the most sensitive and serious problems.
After two decades of civil war, the Palestinian presence has been
the subject of much controversial debate. Large-scale resettlement
would further erode the country's precarious demographic
composition, and for a multi-confessional state that recognizes the
primacy of religious communities, Palestinian refugee resettlement
policy must satisfy all communities to be workable. In particular,
most Lebanese groups should see resettlement as benefiting Lebanese
society and in line with their country's national interest. Current
minimal social integration and weak inter-communal bonds between
Lebanese and Palestinian groups are a major obstacle to achieving
resettlement wit
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