Human Origins brings together new thinking by social anthropologists and other scholars on the evolution of human culture and society. No other discipline has more relevant expertise to consider the emergence of humans as the symbolic species. Yet, social anthropologists have been conspicuously absent from debates about the origins of modern humans. These contributions explore why that is, and how social anthropology can shed light on early kinship and economic relations, gender politics, ritual, cosmology, ethnobiology, medicine, and the evolution of language.

Human Origins brings together new thinking by social anthropologists and other scholars on the evolution of human culture and society. No other discipline has more relevant expertise to consider the emergence of humans as the symbolic species. Yet, social anthropologists have been conspicuously absent from debates about the origins of modern humans. These contributions explore why that is, and how social anthropology can shed light on early kinship and economic relations, gender politics, ritual, cosmology, ethnobiology, medicine, and the evolution of language.

Originally published in 1984, this book touches the private lives and professional responsibilities of men and women, as it illustrates the comic as well as serious effects of the 'incorporation' of wives into some important State and commercial institutions. Beyond their domestic functions, wives have, in particular ways, been valuable props to many a husband's career and many an employer's and the nation's interests. For example, the Army, civil administrations at home and overseas, and the police have, without questioning, depended on the services of wives - given silently, willingly or unwillingly. Yet the nature of the relationship of these 'incorporated' wives to the objectives of such institutions has, until recently, been largely unregistered in practice, unrecorded in social and historical accounts and unstudied by analysts. This book provides a wealth of ethnographic material. Personal anecdotes and scholarly interpretations throw light on the conceptual systems underlying the workings and cultures of institutions, as well as the construction of identities. Many will find their experiences echoed here. The issues raised are important not only for individual men and women, for whom such 'incorporation' may provide advantages as well as constraints, but because of the bearing they have on our understanding of marriage, especially since we cannot be sure this will continue in its present mode or as the dominant form of conjugal union. As more married women assume greater responsibilities at work, will their husbands give the same support to their wives and those who employ them as they themselves received? Further, it seems likely that wives may become less willing than in the past to render their services unacknowledged - indeed this trend is already apparent. We may ask, then, 'who will fill the gaps?', and 'how will institutions change?'. The historical and contemporary studies here provide some base data and some theoretical approaches necessary for any who may wish to consider what will become increasingly acute practical questions.

The International Encyclopedia of Anthropology ist das ausfA1/4hrlichste Referenzwerk fA1/4r die Anthropologie und zugehoerige Fachgebiete. Sie bietet einen fundierten und sachkundigen A berblick A1/4ber die Konzepte, Forschung und Techniken, die zusammen das Fachgebiet definieren. Unter der A gide von Hilary Callan, vormals Direktor des Royal Anthropological Institute (2000-2010) und mit UnterstA1/4tzung von vierzehn international renommierten Experten ist eine Enzyklopadie entstanden, die Betrage von A1/4ber 800 internationalen Gelehrten vereint und in ihrer Tiefe und Breite der behandelten Themen einzigartig ist. A ber 1000 Eintrage, von kurzen Zusammenfassungen bis langeren Abhandlungen, erlautern Hunderte von Kernthemen, u. a. A-kologie, Evolution des Menschen, Geschlecht, Gesundheit, Sprache, Bildung und Erziehung, Verwandtschaft, Politik und Macht. Hinzu kommen bibliografische Eintrage zu vielen der weltweit einflussreichsten BegrA1/4nder der Anthropologie. Diese Enzyklopadie im Format A-Z richtet sich an Fachexperten und die allgemeine Leserschaft. Sie ist ein herausragendes Nachschlagwerk fA1/4r Studenten, Forscher und Dozenten in diesem breit gefacherten und dynamischen Fachgebiet, aber auch fA1/4r Studenten und Berufspraktiker in verwandten Disziplinen wie Psychologie, Medizin, Religionswissenschaften und Soziologie. Auch als Online-Ausgabe unter www.encyclopediaofanthropology.com verfA1/4gbar.