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Written by two of the Caribbean's leading historians, Freedoms Won
is an essential book for students engaged in following courses on
the history of the Caribbean. It will also be of interest to
general readers seeking information on the history of the region.
Starting with the aftermath of emancipation, Freedoms Won covers
the African-Caribbean peasantry, Asian arrival in the Caribbean,
social and political experiences of the working classes in the
immediate post-slavery period, the Caribbean economy, US
intervention and imperialst tendencies from the 18th century, the
Labour Movement in the Caribbean in the 20th centurym the social
life and culture of the Caribbean people, and social protest,
decolonisation and nationhood.
The West Indies Cricket Team, formed in 1884, made its first
overseas tour two years later to Canada and the United States. The
tourists played thirteen matches during August and September; they
won six, lost five and two were drawn. The first match was played
against the Montreal Cricket Club, 16-17 August 1886. It ended in a
draw after which the West Indians moved on to Ottawa, Toronto and
Hamilton.They arrived in the United States to play several matches
in Philadelphia where the cricket culture was well established.
Local clubs proved too strong an opposition for the tourists. The
press was encouraging but made it clear that the islanders were out
of their depth. It was an important tour for the first West Indians
cricketers. It was the first international step in an
apprenticeship that lasted decades. The English decided, finally,
to host the West Indians in 1900. This book speaks to the Canadian
and American beginning of the West Indian cricket culture that was
to emerge a century later as the most powerful performance force
the game had ever seen.
Since the mid-nineteenth-century abolition of slavery, the call for
reparations for the crime of African enslavement and native
genocide has been growing. In the Caribbean, grassroots and
official voices now constitute a regional reparations movement.
While it remains a fractured, contentious and divisive call, it
generates considerable public interest, especially within sections
of the community that are concerned with issues of social justice,
equity, civil and human rights, education, and cultural identity.
The reparations discourse has been shaped by the voices from these
fields as they seek to build a future upon the settlement of
historical crimes. This is the first scholarly work that looks
comprehensively at the reparations discussion in the Caribbean.
Written by a leading economic historian of the region, a seasoned
activist in the wider movement for social justice and advocacy of
historical truth, Britain's Black Debt looks at the origins and
development of reparations as a regional and international process.
Weaving together detailed historical data on Caribbean slavery and
the transatlantic slave trade with legal principles and the
politics of postcolonialism, the author sets out a solid academic
analysis of the evidence. He concludes that Britain has a case of
reparations to answer which the Caribbean should litigate. The
presentation of rich empirical historical data on Britain's
transatlantic slave economy and society supports the legal claim
that chattel slavery as established by the British state and
sustained by citizens and governments was understood then as a
crime, but political and moral outrage were silenced by the
argument that the enslavement of black people was in Britain's
national interest. International law provides that chattel slavery
as practised by Britain was a crime against humanity. Slavery was
invested in by the royal family, the government, the established
church, most elite families, and large public institutions in the
private and public sector. Citing the legal principles of unjust
and criminal enrichment, the author presents a compelling argument
for Britain's payment of its black debt, a debt that it continues
to deny in the face of overwhelming evidence to the contrary.
Britain's Black Debt brings together the evidence and arguments
that the general public and expert policymakers have long called
for. It is at once an exciting narration of Britain's dominance of
the slave markets that enriched the economy and a seminal
conceptual journey into the hidden politics and public posturing of
leaders on both sides of the Atlantic. No work of this kind has
ever been attempted. No author has had the diversity of historical
research skills, national and international political involvement,
and personal engagement as an activist to present such a complex
yet accessible work of scholarship for both activists and
academics.
"The modern Caribbean economy was invented, structured and managed
by European states for one purpose: to achieve maximum wealth
extraction to fuel and sustain their national financial, commercial
and industrial transformation." So begins How Britain
Underdeveloped the Caribbean: A Reparation Response to Europe's
Legacy of Plunder and Poverty as Hilary McD. Beckles continues the
groundbreaking work he began in Britain's Black Debt: Reparations
for Caribbean Slavery and Native Genocide. We are now in a time of
global reckoning for centuries of crimes against humanity
perpetrated by European colonial powers as they built their empires
with the wealth extracted from the territories they occupied and
exploited with enslaved and, later, indentured labour. The
systematic brutality of the transatlantic trade in enslaved
Africans and the plantation economies did not disappear with the
abolition of slavery. Rather, the means of exploitation were
reconfigured to ensure that wealth continued to flow to European
states. Independence from colonial powers in the twentieth century
did not mean real freedom for the Caribbean nations, left as they
were without the resources for meaningful development and in a
state of persistent poverty. Beckles focuses his attention on the
British Empire and shows how successive governments have
systematically suppressed economic development in their former
colonies and have refused to accept responsibility for the debt and
development support they owe the Caribbean.
Rihanna is arguably the most commercially successful Caribbean
artist in history. She is Barbadian and has been unwavering in
publicly articulating her national and regional belongings. Still,
there have been varied responses to Rihanna's ascendancy, both in
the Barbadian public and Caribbean community at large - responses
that reveal as much about our own national/regional anxieties as
they do about the artist herself. The cutting edge,
boundary-transgressing, cultural icon Rihanna is certainly subject
to moralistic scrutiny from her global audiences as well; however,
the essays in this collection purposely seek to de-centre the
dominance of the Euro-American gaze, focusing instead on
considerations of the Caribbean artist and her oeuvre from a
Caribbean postcolonial corpus of academic inquiry. To this end,
Rihanna: Barbados World Gurl in Global Popular Culture brings
together U.S. and Caribbean based scholars to discuss issues of
class, gender, sexuality, race, culture, and economy. Using the
concept of diasporic citizenship as a central theoretical frame,
this book intervenes in current questions of national and
transnational circuits of exchange as they pertain to the
commoditization and movement of culture, knowledge, values, and
identity. The contributors- drawing from literature, history,
musicology, sociology, cultural studies, feminist, gender, and
queer studies, the creative/cultural industries and political
science - approach the subjects of Rihanna, globalization, gender
and sexuality, commerce, transnationalism, Caribbean regionalism,
and Barbadian national identity and development, from different
disciplinary and at times radically divergent perspectives. At the
same time, the essays collectively work through the limitations,
possibilities and promise of our best Caribbean imaginings.
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