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This book, based on in-depth field research at the local level,
assesses the different factors that are contributing to the
transition to a market economy and the growth of networks in rural
China. It analyses the different socio-economic actors - peasant
households, out-migrants, family businesses and peasant
entrepreneurs, uses the key concept of markets as a nexus of social
networks, and identifies three different kinds of 'social capital'
- human capital, political capital/status, and network capital.
This book demonstrates the importance of socio-political networks
and highlights significant regional differences.
Although the Chinese economy is growing at a very high rate, there
are massive social dislocations arising as a result of economic
restructuring. Though the scale of the problem is huge, very few
studies have examined the changes in income inequality in the late
1990s due to a lack of data on household incomes. Based on
extensive original research, this book redresses this imbalance,
examining the issue of unemployment and the problems it has brought
for the people of China. Investigating the market outcomes in
post-reform urban China, the book focuses on the relationships
between unemployment, inequality, and poverty. In addition, the
authors provide an analysis on the emerging urban labour market and
its stratified structure, job mobility, profit sharing, and the
role of social capital. Empirical analysis is supported by rich
data from nationally representative urban household and rural
migrant surveys, providing the latest picture of the widening
inequality in Chinese urban society.
Although the Chinese economy is growing at a very high rate, there
are massive social dislocations arising as a result of economic
restructuring. Though the scale of the problem is huge, very few
studies have examined the changes in income inequality in the late
1990s due to a lack of data on household incomes. Based on
extensive original research, this book redresses this imbalance,
examining the issue of unemployment and the problems it has brought
for the people of China. Investigating the market outcomes in
post-reform urban China, the book focuses on the relationships
between unemployment, inequality, and poverty. In addition, the
authors provide an analysis on the emerging urban labour market and
its stratified structure, job mobility, profit sharing, and the
role of social capital. Empirical analysis is supported by rich
data from nationally representative urban household and rural
migrant surveys, providing the latest picture of the widening
inequality in Chinese urban society.
This book, based on in-depth field research at the local level, assesses the different factors that are contributing to the transition to a market economy and the growth of networks in rural China. It analyses the different socio-economic actors - peasant households, out-migrants, family businesses and peasant entrepreneurs, uses the key concept of markets as a nexus of social networks, and identifies three different kinds of 'social capital' - human capital, political capital/status, and network capital. This book demonstrates the importance of socio-political networks and highlights significant regional differences. eBook available with sample pages: 0203221192
This book presents selected papers from the 23rd Asia Pacific
Symposium on Intelligent and Evolutionary Systems (IES 2019), which
was held in Tottori, Japan, on December 6-8, 2019. Today, various
types of intelligent system can be found everywhere. However, none
of them can be developed or understood from only one perspective.
As such, this book collects unique ways of thinking about
intelligent systems. It discusses evolutionary and complex adaptive
systems, which have been useful approaches for tackling intelligent
systems. It also examines the recent developments in the field of
artificial intelligence that are driving research on intelligent
systems. Addressing topics related to intelligent transport
systems, machine learning and neural networks, data science and
decision analytics, evolutionary and nature-inspired computation,
and agents and complex systems, this book is a valuable resource
for researchers and practitioners wanting to develop or understand
intelligent and evolutionary systems.
This book presents selected papers from the 23rd Asia Pacific
Symposium on Intelligent and Evolutionary Systems (IES 2019), which
was held in Tottori, Japan, on December 6-8, 2019. Today, various
types of intelligent system can be found everywhere. However, none
of them can be developed or understood from only one perspective.
As such, this book collects unique ways of thinking about
intelligent systems. It discusses evolutionary and complex adaptive
systems, which have been useful approaches for tackling intelligent
systems. It also examines the recent developments in the field of
artificial intelligence that are driving research on intelligent
systems. Addressing topics related to intelligent transport
systems, machine learning and neural networks, data science and
decision analytics, evolutionary and nature-inspired computation,
and agents and complex systems, this book is a valuable resource
for researchers and practitioners wanting to develop or understand
intelligent and evolutionary systems.
Over the past quarter-century China has seen a dramatic increase in
income inequality, prompting a shift in China's development
strategy and the adoption of an array of new policies to
redistribute income, promote shared growth, and establish a social
safety net. Drawing on of household-level data from the China
Household Income Project, Changing Trends in China's Inequality
provides an independent, comprehensive, and empirically grounded
study of the evolution of incomes and inequality in China over
time. Edited by leading experts on the Chinese economy, the volume
analyzes this evolution in China as a whole as well as in the urban
and rural sectors, with close attention to measurement issues and
to shifts in the economy, institutions, and public policy. Specific
essays provides analyses of China's wealth inequality, the
emergence of a new middle class, the income gap between the Han
majority and the ethnic minorities, the gender wage gap, and the
impacts of government policies such as social welfare programs and
the minimum wage.
This book, a sequel to Inequality and Public Policy in China
(2008), examines the evolution of inequality in China from 2002 to
2007, a period when the new 'harmonious society' development
strategy was adopted under Hu Jintao and Wen Jiabao. It fills a gap
in knowledge about the outcomes of this development strategy for
equity and inequality. Drawing on original information collected
from the recent two waves of nationwide household surveys conducted
by the China Household Income Project, this book provides a
detailed overview of recent trends in income inequality and
cutting-edge analysis of key factors underlying such trends. Topics
covered include inequality in education, changes in homeownership
and the distribution of housing wealth, the evolution of the
migrant labor market, disparities between public and non-public
sectors, patterns of work and non-work, gender, ethnicity, and the
impacts of public policies such as reforms in taxation and social
welfare programs.
This book, from the series Primary Sources: Historical Books of the
World (Asia and Far East Collection), represents an important
historical artifact on Asian history and culture. Its contents come
from the legions of academic literature and research on the subject
produced over the last several hundred years. Covered within is a
discussion drawn from many areas of study and research on the
subject. From analyses of the varied geography that encompasses the
Asian continent to significant time periods spanning centuries, the
book was made in an effort to preserve the work of previous
generations.
This book, a sequel to Inequality and Public Policy in China
(2008), examines the evolution of inequality in China from 2002 to
2007, a period when the new 'harmonious society' development
strategy was adopted under Hu Jintao and Wen Jiabao. It fills a gap
in knowledge about the outcomes of this development strategy for
equity and inequality. Drawing on original information collected
from the recent two waves of nationwide household surveys conducted
by the China Household Income Project, this book provides a
detailed overview of recent trends in income inequality and
cutting-edge analysis of key factors underlying such trends. Topics
covered include inequality in education, changes in homeownership
and the distribution of housing wealth, the evolution of the
migrant labor market, disparities between public and non-public
sectors, patterns of work and non-work, gender, ethnicity, and the
impacts of public policies such as reforms in taxation and social
welfare programs.
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