Although many available metal recycling methods are simple and fast, they are also expensive and cause environmental pollution. Biohydrometallurgical processing of metals offers an alternative to overcome these issues, as the use of biological means not only helps to conserve dwindling ore resources but also fulfills the need for the unambiguous need to extract metals in nonpolluting, low-energy, and low-cost way. This book covers biohydrometallurgy and its application in the recovery of metals from secondary sources like wastes. It aims to provide readers with a comprehensive overview of different wastes for metal recovery and biological treatment methods that are both environmentally friendly and economically viable.

Although many available metal recycling methods are simple and fast, they are also expensive and cause environmental pollution. Biohydrometallurgical processing of metals offers an alternative to overcome these issues, as the use of biological means not only helps to conserve dwindling ore resources but also fulfills the need for the unambiguous need to extract metals in nonpolluting, low-energy, and low-cost way. This book covers biohydrometallurgy and its application in the recovery of metals from secondary sources like wastes. It aims to provide readers with a comprehensive overview of different wastes for metal recovery and biological treatment methods that are both environmentally friendly and economically viable.

Nontraditional machining utilizes thermal, chemical, electrical, mechanical and optimal sources of energy to bind, form and cut materials. Advanced Analysis of Nontraditional Machining explains in-depth how each of these advanced machining processes work, their machining system components, and process variables and industrial applications, thereby offering advanced knowledge and scientific insight. This book also documents the latest and frequently cited research results of a few key nonconventional machining processes for the most concerned topics in industrial applications, such as laser machining, electrical discharge machining, electropolishing of die and mold, and wafer processing for integrated circuit manufacturing.

Nontraditional machining utilizes thermal, chemical, electrical, mechanical and optimal sources of energy to bind, form and cut materials. Advanced Analysis of Nontraditional Machining explains in-depth how each of these advanced machining processes work, their machining system components, and process variables and industrial applications, thereby offering advanced knowledge and scientific insight. This book also documents the latest and frequently cited research results of a few key nonconventional machining processes for the most concerned topics in industrial applications, such as laser machining, electrical discharge machining, electropolishing of die and mold, and wafer processing for integrated circuit manufacturing.

A laser dragging process to ablate a groove pattern and more sophisticated 3D features on a polycarbonate (PC) sheet through a shape of mask opening is analyzed. To predict the machined profile during the dragging process, a mathematical model describing the relationship between laser machining parameters and the produced profile is developed. The proposed model is verified experimentally. This study depicts the results of the experiment and numerical simulation in both single and cross dragging using elliptic, triangular and rectangular masks. The operating parameters include the dragging velocity, pulse repetition rate, pulse number, fluence and the opening dimension of the mask pattern. A good agreement between the experiment and simulation with deviation less than 14% is demonstrated. Based on the proposed model, miniature lamp lens can be manufactured by varying laser operating parameters, mask shape and dimensions. Further, the advantage of the micro-size lamp lens on light efficiency is explored. The results illustrate the optical systems with the micro-feature lamp lens can offer better optical performance than those with macro-feature lamp lens.