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Although many available metal recycling methods are simple and
fast, they are also expensive and cause environmental pollution.
Biohydrometallurgical processing of metals offers an alternative to
overcome these issues, as the use of biological means not only
helps to conserve dwindling ore resources but also fulfills the
need for the unambiguous need to extract metals in nonpolluting,
low-energy, and low-cost way. This book covers biohydrometallurgy
and its application in the recovery of metals from secondary
sources like wastes. It aims to provide readers with a
comprehensive overview of different wastes for metal recovery and
biological treatment methods that are both environmentally friendly
and economically viable.
Although many available metal recycling methods are simple and
fast, they are also expensive and cause environmental pollution.
Biohydrometallurgical processing of metals offers an alternative to
overcome these issues, as the use of biological means not only
helps to conserve dwindling ore resources but also fulfills the
need for the unambiguous need to extract metals in nonpolluting,
low-energy, and low-cost way. This book covers biohydrometallurgy
and its application in the recovery of metals from secondary
sources like wastes. It aims to provide readers with a
comprehensive overview of different wastes for metal recovery and
biological treatment methods that are both environmentally friendly
and economically viable.
Nontraditional machining utilizes thermal, chemical, electrical,
mechanical and optimal sources of energy to bind, form and cut
materials. Advanced Analysis of Nontraditional Machining explains
in-depth how each of these advanced machining processes work, their
machining system components, and process variables and industrial
applications, thereby offering advanced knowledge and scientific
insight. This book also documents the latest and frequently cited
research results of a few key nonconventional machining processes
for the most concerned topics in industrial applications, such as
laser machining, electrical discharge machining, electropolishing
of die and mold, and wafer processing for integrated circuit
manufacturing.
Nontraditional machining utilizes thermal, chemical, electrical,
mechanical and optimal sources of energy to bind, form and cut
materials. Advanced Analysis of Nontraditional Machining explains
in-depth how each of these advanced machining processes work, their
machining system components, and process variables and industrial
applications, thereby offering advanced knowledge and scientific
insight. This book also documents the latest and frequently cited
research results of a few key nonconventional machining processes
for the most concerned topics in industrial applications, such as
laser machining, electrical discharge machining, electropolishing
of die and mold, and wafer processing for integrated circuit
manufacturing.
A laser dragging process to ablate a groove pattern and more
sophisticated 3D features on a polycarbonate (PC) sheet through a
shape of mask opening is analyzed. To predict the machined profile
during the dragging process, a mathematical model describing the
relationship between laser machining parameters and the produced
profile is developed. The proposed model is verified
experimentally. This study depicts the results of the experiment
and numerical simulation in both single and cross dragging using
elliptic, triangular and rectangular masks. The operating
parameters include the dragging velocity, pulse repetition rate,
pulse number, fluence and the opening dimension of the mask
pattern. A good agreement between the experiment and simulation
with deviation less than 14% is demonstrated. Based on the proposed
model, miniature lamp lens can be manufactured by varying laser
operating parameters, mask shape and dimensions. Further, the
advantage of the micro-size lamp lens on light efficiency is
explored. The results illustrate the optical systems with the
micro-feature lamp lens can offer better optical performance than
those with macro-feature lamp lens.
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