Drawing on state-of-the-art research results, Resistance Welding: Fundamentals and Applications, Second Edition systematically presents fundamental aspects of important processes in resistance welding and discusses their implications on real-world welding applications. This updated edition describes progress made in resistance welding research and practice since the publication of the first edition. New to the Second Edition: Significant addition of the metallurgical aspects of materials involved in resistance welding, such as steels, aluminum and magnesium alloys, zinc, and copper Electric current waveforms commonly used in resistance welding, including single-phase AC, single-phase DC, three-phase DC, and MFDC Magnesium welding in terms of cracking and expulsion The effect of individual welding parameters 2-D and 3-D lobe diagrams New materials for the ultrasonic evaluation of welds, including A-scan, B-scan, and in-line A-scan The book begins with chapters on the metallurgical processes in resistance spot welding, the basics of welding schedule selection, and cracking in the nugget and heat-affected zone of alloys. The next several chapters discuss commonly conducted mechanical tests, the monitoring and control of a welding process, and the destructive and nondestructive evaluation of weld quality. The authors then analyze the mechanisms of expulsion-a process largely responsible for defect formation and other unwanted features-and explore an often overlooked topic in resistance welding-related research: the influence of mechanical aspects of welding machines. The final chapters explain how to numerically simulate a resistance welding process and apply statistical design and analysis approaches to welding research. To obtain a broad understanding of this area, readers previously had to scour large quantities of research on resistance welding and essential related subjects, such as statistical analysis. This book collects the necessary information in one source for students, researchers, and practitioners in the sheet metal industry. It thoroughly reviews state-of-the-art results in resistance welding research and gives you a solid foundation for solving practical problems in a scientific and systematic manner.

Drawing on state-of-the-art research results, Resistance Welding: Fundamentals and Applications, Second Edition systematically presents fundamental aspects of important processes in resistance welding and discusses their implications on real-world welding applications. This updated edition describes progress made in resistance welding research and practice since the publication of the first edition.

New to the Second Edition:

• Significant addition of the metallurgical aspects of materials involved in resistance welding, such as steels, aluminum and magnesium alloys, zinc, and copper
• Electric current waveforms commonly used in resistance welding, including single-phase AC, single-phase DC, three-phase DC, and MFDC
• Magnesium welding in terms of cracking and expulsion
• The effect of individual welding parameters
• 2-D and 3-D lobe diagrams
• New materials for the ultrasonic evaluation of welds, including A-scan, B-scan, and in-line A-scan

The book begins with chapters on the metallurgical processes in resistance spot welding, the basics of welding schedule selection, and cracking in the nugget and heat-affected zone of alloys. The next several chapters discuss commonly conducted mechanical tests, the monitoring and control of a welding process, and the destructive and nondestructive evaluation of weld quality. The authors then analyze the mechanisms of expulsion a process largely responsible for defect formation and other unwanted features and explore an often overlooked topic in resistance welding-related research: the influence of mechanical aspects of welding machines. The final chapters explain how to numerically simulate a resistance welding process and apply statistical design and analysis approaches to welding research.

To obtain a broad understanding of this area, readers previously had to scour large quantities of research on resistance welding and essential related subjects, such as statistical analysis. This book collects the necessary information in one source for students, researchers, and practitioners in the sheet metal industry. It thoroughly reviews state-of-the-art results in resistance welding research and gives you a solid foundation for solving practical problems in a scientific and systematic manner.

Political discourse or ideology has been extensively studied from different perspectives, including that of discourse studies. Yet, without taking into account the wider socio-historical contexts within which the object of analysis is produced, constructed and received, any analysis of political speeches per se would be superficial (Bourdieu, 1991). Subscribing to this epistemological thrust, this study is aimed at exploring the ways in which language is employed by politicians as a tool to represent their political ideologies in political discourse with special reference to the presidential debates in the course of the presidential election in the United States. This study is theoretically informed by the non-linguistic, critical discourse analysis, and political linguistic approaches to the study of language, ideology and power. By applying such methodology to the analysis of the 2004 American presidential debates between Bush and Kerry, this study identifies major discursive manifestations of ideologies of the confronting political parties (The Republican and the Democratic) and social camps (anti-terrorism and terrorism).