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Hot Springs National Park (HOSP), located in the Ouachita Mountains
Ecoregion of Arkansas, was established to preserve the geothermal
springs and conserve this water resource for public use. The park
is 22.5 km2 and, in addition to the hot springs, contains portions
of three streams: Gulpha Creek (3.1 km), Bull Bayou (1.9 km), and
Whittington Creek (2.3 km). Land use adjacent to the park is
primarily urban, with the park surrounding the north end of the
city of Hot Springs, Arkansas. Urbanization can have a negative
impact on the quality of surface water and adversely affect fish
populations through habitat loss and fragmentation, sedimentation,
and nonpoint source water pollution. In June 2009, the Heartland
Inventory and Monitoring Network (HTLN) of the National Park
Service (NPS) began monitoring water quality and fish communities
in Gulpha Creek and Bull Bayou to assess the integrity of these
surface water resources. Whittington Creek, an intermittent stream,
was not monitored.
George Washington Carver National Monument (GWCA), located in the
Ozark Highlands of southwest Missouri, was established to interpret
the historic and cultural resources related to the birthplace,
childhood, and achievements of George Washington Carver.
Aquatic invertebrates are an important biomonitoring tool for
understanding and detecting changes in ecosystem integrity over
time. Therefore, the monitoring objectives of this protocol as
described by DeBacker et al. (2005) are: 1) Determine the status
and trends of invertebrate species diversity, abundance, and
community metrics. 2) Relate invertebrate community to overall
water quality through quantification of metrics related to species
richness, abundance, diversity, and region-specific multi-metric
indices as indicators of water quality and habitat condition.
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