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This book opens a fresh chapter in the debate on local enterprise
clusters and their strategies for upgrading in the global economy.
The authors employ a novel conceptual framework in their research
on industrial clusters in Europe, Latin America and Asia and
provide new perspectives and insights for researchers and
policymakers alike. The debate on local upgrading capacity is torn
between two lines of thinking: those who believe that local
relationships between enterprises and institutions are key to
upgrading, and those who argue that the spaces for upgrading are
defined by the sourcing strategies of global buyers. From this
debate a number of important questions arise: how feasible is it to
develop local upgrading strategies? Can local policy networks make
a difference, or do global forces undermine them? Do global quality
and labour standards marginalise developing country producers or do
they help them to upgrade? To answer these questions, the book
brings together theoretical and empirical research on local and
regional clusters, global value chains and global standards, using
case studies from developed and developing countries. The authors
provide a new understanding of how global and local governance
interact, highlighting power and inequality in global chains but
also identifying scope for local action. By showing how and why
insertion in global value chains can accelerate or inhibit local
upgrading, this book represents a significant contribution to the
academic and political debate on globalization. It will be
essential reading for all students, academics and researchers
interested in global political economy, global and local governance
structures, economic geography and innovation studies.
Originally published in 1985, this book analyses the extent and way
in which technological change determines the utilisation of labour
in less developed economies. The book compares firms which are
technologically very advanced with firms which use less
sophisticated machinery and equipment, and analyses how technology
shapes their demand for labour. It is concerned with the impact of
technological change on the utilisation of labour in terms of
number of jobs, recruitment, training, skill requirements, labour
turnover, wages and internal mobility; it also investigates the
impact on the utilisation of external labour in the form of
subcontracting of small producers and employment of outworkers.
This book opens a fresh chapter in the debate on local enterprise
clusters and their strategies for upgrading in the global economy.
The authors employ a novel conceptual framework in their research
on industrial clusters in Europe, Latin America and Asia and
provide new perspectives and insights for researchers and
policymakers alike. The debate on local upgrading capacity is torn
between two lines of thinking: those who believe that local
relationships between enterprises and institutions are key to
upgrading, and those who argue that the spaces for upgrading are
defined by the sourcing strategies of global buyers. From this
debate a number of important questions arise: how feasible is it to
develop local upgrading strategies? Can local policy networks make
a difference, or do global forces undermine them? Do global quality
and labour standards marginalise developing country producers or do
they help them to upgrade? To answer these questions, the book
brings together theoretical and empirical research on local and
regional clusters, global value chains and global standards, using
case studies from developed and developing countries. The authors
provide a new understanding of how global and local governance
interact, highlighting power and inequality in global chains but
also identifying scope for local action. By showing how and why
insertion in global value chains can accelerate or inhibit local
upgrading, this book represents a significant contribution to the
academic and political debate on globalization. It will be
essential reading for all students, academics and researchers
interested in global political economy, global and local governance
structures, economic geography and innovation studies.
Originally published in 1985, this book analyses the extent and way
in which technological change determines the utilisation of labour
in less developed economies. The book compares firms which are
technologically very advanced with firms which use less
sophisticated machinery and equipment, and analyses how technology
shapes their demand for labour. It is concerned with the impact of
technological change on the utilisation of labour in terms of
number of jobs, recruitment, training, skill requirements, labour
turnover, wages and internal mobility; it also investigates the
impact on the utilisation of external labour in the form of
subcontracting of small producers and employment of outworkers.
In diesem Buch reflektieren vorrangige Experten des Fachgebietes
der Budopadagogik, wie dessen Begrunder, seine ausgebildeten Master
und etablierte Budopadagoginnen und Budopadagogen die Theorie und
Praxis der fernostlichen Kampfkunste (Budo) als einen
erzieherischen, selbsterzieherischen und auch therapeutisch
wirksamen Weg des Lernens, Wachsens und Reifens sowie eine neue
Methode professionellen Handelns. Es ist somit eine aktuelle und
bedeutsame Grundlage fur Interessierte und Anwender, um Budo als
originare Kunst und modernes Kunsthandwerk" in fordernden und
heilsamen Prozessen richtig zu verstehen und einzusetzen.
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