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Imperiled: The Encyclopedia of Conservation, part of a three-volume
set, updates on humanity's expanding ecological footprint. With
climate change, increases in human population, consumption levels,
and other anthropogenic factors, nearly half the known species on
Earth could soon be gone. This book provides a global synthesis of
the world's imperiled species and ecosystems. It documents rarity
and endangerment, the major drivers of loss, areas of conservation
importance, and implementation strategies to save and restore
imperiled species and ecosystems. This is first of its kind
coverage of Earth's imperiled species and ecosystems in a
comprehensive encyclopedia.
The basic principles of the phenomenon "erection" have been known
since the pioneering work of Kolliker, Eckhard and Langley in the
nineteenth century. Nonetheless, under the influence of Freud,
erectile dysfunction was predominantly at tributed to psychogenic
factors. A more liberal perception of sexuality since the 1960s,
the development of new and refined diagnostic techniques, and the
expansion of basic research activity resulted in a new concept of
erectile dysfunction, identifying arteriogenic, venogenic,
endocrinologic or myopathic (cavernous smooth muscle dysfunction)
factors. From this research other considerations such as autonomic
innervation, cavernous endo thelial intactness or impaired
neurotransmitter pool are being introduced into routine clinical
assessment. A reevaluation of psychogenic etiology with a
consequential new concept of psy chogenic impotence is on the rise.
In this book the new concepts of basic knowledge on cavernous
smooth muscle function and its supraspinal, spinal, and local
control; the new diagnostic approaches in psychogenic and autonomic
factors; and the new developments of reconstructive therapeutic
options for the patient have been tied together. Outstanding and
internationally renowned experts in the field of erectile
dysfunction have given detailed insight into the latest basic and
clinical developments. Well-established diagnostic and thera peutic
techniques are presented by experienced colleagues. We hope that
this book will help the reader to get an overview of the current
concepts of erection. Furthermore, we hope that international
collaboration in basic and clinical research in the field of
erectile dysfunction will render an update necessary in the near
future.
Encyclopedia of the Anthropocene, Five Volume Set presents a
currency-based, global synthesis cataloguing the impact of
humanity's global ecological footprint. Covering a multitude of
aspects related to Climate Change, Biodiversity, Contaminants,
Geological, Energy and Ethics, leading scientists provide
foundational essays that enable researchers to define and
scrutinize information, ideas, relationships, meanings and ideas
within the Anthropocene concept. Questions widely debated among
scientists, humanists, conservationists, politicians and others are
included, providing discussion on when the Anthropocene began, what
to call it, whether it should be considered an official geological
epoch, whether it can be contained in time, and how it will affect
future generations. Although the idea that humanity has driven the
planet into a new geological epoch has been around since the dawn
of the 20th century, the term 'Anthropocene' was only first used by
ecologist Eugene Stoermer in the 1980s, and hence popularized in
its current meaning by atmospheric chemist Paul Crutzen in 2000.
Encyclopedia of the World's Biomes is a unique, five volume
reference that provides a global synthesis of biomes, including the
latest science. All of the book's chapters follow a common thematic
order that spans biodiversity importance, principal anthropogenic
stressors and trends, changing climatic conditions, and
conservation strategies for maintaining biomes in an increasingly
human-dominated world. This work is a one-stop shop that gives
users access to up-to-date, informative articles that go deeper in
content than any currently available publication.
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Dr. Phibes (Paperback)
Damon J. a. Goldstein; William I Goldstein
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R392
Discovery Miles 3 920
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Ships in 10 - 15 working days
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This thoroughly revised and updated Fourth Edition of a
time-honored text provides the reader with a comprehensive
introduction to the field of scanning electron microscopy (SEM),
energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) for elemental
microanalysis, electron backscatter diffraction analysis (EBSD) for
micro-crystallography, and focused ion beams. Students and academic
researchers will find the text to be an authoritative and scholarly
resource, while SEM operators and a diversity of practitioners -
engineers, technicians, physical and biological scientists,
clinicians, and technical managers - will find that every chapter
has been overhauled to meet the more practical needs of the
technologist and working professional. In a break with the past,
this Fourth Edition de-emphasizes the design and physical operating
basis of the instrumentation, including the electron sources,
lenses, detectors, etc. In the modern SEM, many of the low level
instrument parameters are now controlled and optimized by the
microscope's software, and user access is restricted. Although the
software control system provides efficient and reproducible
microscopy and microanalysis, the user must understand the
parameter space wherein choices are made to achieve effective and
meaningful microscopy, microanalysis, and micro-crystallography.
Therefore, special emphasis is placed on beam energy, beam current,
electron detector characteristics and controls, and ancillary
techniques such as energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (EDS) and
electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). With 13 years between the
publication of the third and fourth editions, new coverage reflects
the many improvements in the instrument and analysis techniques.
The SEM has evolved into a powerful and versatile characterization
platform in which morphology, elemental composition, and crystal
structure can be evaluated simultaneously. Extension of the SEM
into a "dual beam" platform incorporating both electron and ion
columns allows precision modification of the specimen by focused
ion beam milling. New coverage in the Fourth Edition includes the
increasing use of field emission guns and SEM instruments with high
resolution capabilities, variable pressure SEM operation, theory,
and measurement of x-rays with high throughput silicon drift
detector (SDD-EDS) x-ray spectrometers. In addition to powerful
vendor- supplied software to support data collection and
processing, the microscopist can access advanced capabilities
available in free, open source software platforms, including the
National Institutes of Health (NIH) ImageJ-Fiji for image
processing and the National Institute of Standards and Technology
(NIST) DTSA II for quantitative EDS x-ray microanalysis and
spectral simulation, both of which are extensively used in this
work. However, the user has a responsibility to bring intellect,
curiosity, and a proper skepticism to information on a computer
screen and to the entire measurement process. This book helps you
to achieve this goal. Realigns the text with the needs of a diverse
audience from researchers and graduate students to SEM operators
and technical managers Emphasizes practical, hands-on operation of
the microscope, particularly user selection of the critical
operating parameters to achieve meaningful results Provides
step-by-step overviews of SEM, EDS, and EBSD and checklists of
critical issues for SEM imaging, EDS x-ray microanalysis, and EBSD
crystallographic measurements Makes extensive use of open source
software: NIH ImageJ-FIJI for image processing and NIST DTSA II for
quantitative EDS x-ray microanalysis and EDS spectral simulation.
Includes case studies to illustrate practical problem solving
Covers Helium ion scanning microscopy Organized into relatively
self-contained modules - no need to "read it all" to understand a
topic Includes an online supplement-an extensive "Database of
Electron-Solid Interactions"-which can be accessed on SpringerLink,
in Chapter 3
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