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'Engineering geology' is one of those terms that invite definition.
The American Geological Institute, for example, has expanded the
term to mean 'the application of the geological sciences to
engineering practice for the purpose of assuring that the
geological factors affecting the location, design, construction,
operation and mainten ance of engineering works are recognized and
adequately provided for'. It has also been defined by W. R. Judd in
the McGraw-Hill Encyclopaedia of Science and Technology as 'the
application of education and experience in geology and other
geosciences to solve geological problems posed by civil engineering
structures'. Judd goes on to specify those branches of the
geological or geo-sciences as surface (or surficial) geology,
structural/fabric geology, geohydro logy, geophysics, soil and rock
mechanics. Soil mechanics is firmly included as a geological
science in spite of the perhaps rather unfortunate trends over the
years (now happily being reversed) towards purely mechanistic
analyses which may well provide acceptable solutions for only the
simplest geology. Many subjects evolve through their subject areas
from an interdisciplinary background and it is just such instances
that pose the greatest difficulties of definition. Since the form
of educational development experienced by the practitioners of the
subject ulti mately bears quite strongly upon the corporate concept
of the term 'engineering geology', it is useful briefly to consider
that educational background."
The first edition of this book was received more kindly than it
deserved by some, and with some scepticism by others. It set out to
present a simple, concise and reasonably comprehensive introduction
to some of the theoretical and empirical criteria which may be used
to define rock as a structural material. The objectives -
reinforced by the change in title - remain the same, but the
approach has been changed considerably and only one or two sections
have been retained from the first edition. The particular aim in
this edition is to provide a description of the mechanical
behaviour of rocks, based firmly upon experimental data, which can
be used to explain how rocks deform, fracture and yield, and to
show how this knowledge can be used in design. The major emphasis
is on the behaviour of rocks as materials, although in the later
chapters the behaviour of discontinuities in rocks, and the way in
of rock masses, is considered. which this can affect the behaviour
If this edition is an improvement on the first edition it reflects
the debt lowe to numerous people who have attempted to explain the
rudiments of the subject to me. I should like to thank Peter
Attewell and Roy Scott in particular. I should also like to thank
Tony Price and Mike Gilbert whose work at Newcastle I have used
shamelessly.
Coal Mine Structures is based on a six-year study, carried out at
the University of Newcastle upon Tyne between 1976 and 1982 and
financed by the National Coal Board and the European Coal and Steel
Community (Projects 7220 - ACj806 and 7220 - ACj814), into the
behaviour of under ground openings in British coal mines. The
original work has been expanded to include other relevant British
and international data. How ever, it remains, deliberately, a
personal view based on a specific - albeit broad - research
programme. It does not pretend to be a complete description of the
behaviour of shafts, tunnels, rooms, pillars and long wall
excavations. Nor does it set out to provide a manual for design.
The specific aim is to show, often through consideration of quite
detailed laboratory and field data, how the observed performance of
some under ground structures during mining, can be explained by the
deformation characteristics of the rocks which surround them. The
work is based on observatiollB by many engineers working for the
National Coal Board's Mining Research and Development
Establishment, and by research associates and postgraduate students
at the University of Newcastle upon Tyne. I am grateful to them
all, but I am particularly indebted to Dr A. H. Wilson and Mr M. J.
Bell of the National Coal Board, to Dr P. F. R. Altounyan, Dr P.
Garritty, Dr P. Holmes, and Dr P. D. Shelton formerly of the
University of Newcastle upon Tyne, to Dr R. N."
Rock masses comprise systems of discontinuities developed by
tectonic action or diagenesis, and occasionally imposed by
excavation, which bound blocks of intact rock. Fluid flow is
determined by distribution of the discontinuities and by the way in
which their apertures respond to natural and imposed stress fields
in the rock masses.
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