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The Hadrian’s Wall Community Archaeology Project (WallCAP) was
funded by the National Lottery Heritage Fund to promote the value
of heritage – specifically of the Hadrian’s Wall World Heritage
Site – to local communities, and to provide opportunities for
volunteers to engage with the archaeology and conservation of the
Wall to better ensure the future of the monument. This short book
provides a summary of the project, communicating the range of
activities undertaken during the project and key results. It
explores the structure and aims of the project, and creates an
insightful overview of the many different people and communities
that participated. Archaeological fieldwork resulted in a number of
new discoveries and insights into Hadrian’s Wall. The
revolutionary new work to explore the stones of Hadrian’s Wall,
its source geology and how stones were reused from the monument is
also discussed. Each chapter is supported by full colour
illustrations, and contributions from project volunteers also bring
the project into a vibrant focus.
What is Hadrian’s Wall made of, where did this material come from
and how has it been reused in other buildings in the communities
that emerged in the centuries after the Roman Empire? By studying
the fabric of Hadrian’s Wall using a geological approach combined
with archaeological methods, is it possible to refine our answers
to these questions? This study describes how the relationship
between the geology of the Wall’s landscape and its fabric may be
used to further understand the Wall and presents a significant set
of new geological and archaeological data on the Wall’s stones
from across the length of the Wall. This data set has been
collected in two complementary ways. First as a citizen-science
project, where volunteers from local communities were trained to
visually characterise sandstones and resulting in data collecting
on large numbers of the Wall’s stones along the length of the
Wall. Secondly, analytical research was used to gather in
scientific data for a selected sets of rocks and stones.
Geochemical data was captured using an X-ray fluorescence
spectrometer, and petrographic observations made using a
petrographic microscope and thin sections.The combined methods
provide a framework for geological analysis of the Wall supported
by robust data. It builds on earlier work on Roman quarrying and
stone preparation highlighting not only stone sources, but the
criteria for choosing stone, stone preparation methods, and the
implied routes to the Wall. At the heart of this study lies the
ability to uniquely identify different sandstone types. Geological
methods used to achieve this are explored, as are the ways in which
the sandstones form. This highlights both the possibilities and
limits of this approach.
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