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The conference on which this volume is based was one of a series of
symposia initiated by the Department of Psychology at the
University of Hawaii at Manoa on the theory and research
surrounding topics of interest to the faculty and germane to the
Hawaiian community. In order to encourage interaction around
specific themes, the symposium series has assembled a small, select
group of scholars to exchange knowledge, ideas, and enthusiasm with
the resident faculty, students, and the community at large. The
first two symposia concentrated on cross-cultural themes (Marsella,
Tharp, & Ciborowski, 1979; Marsella, DeVos, & Hsu, 1985).
The third one addressed a significant social problem: aggression
and violence in children. At the time that our plan was being
developed, Hawaii, along with mainland states, was experiencing or
at least expressing widespread alarm over the involvement of
children and youth in violent crime, in belligerence at school, as
perpetrators of aggression at home, and as victims of physical
abuse. This symposium was planned around a major area within the
department, the Clinical Studies Program. The Clinical Studies
Program has developed along two interrelated lines of
concentration: one emphasized the foundation of clin cical
psychology in basic science and the other expanded its purview into
the broader community, covering prevention, systems change, and
social networks."
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Menace (Hardcover)
Ian M. Evans
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Ian M. Evans
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Cognitive therapy, a core approach within a collection of
psychotherapeutic techniques known as cognitive behavioral therapy
(CBT), is fundamentally about changing peoples' thoughts-helping
them overcome difficulties by recognizing and changing
dysfunctional thinking styles. Among other strategies, it requires
encouraging the development of skills for rehearsing new habits of
thought, modifying biases in judging and interpreting social and
emotional information, and for testing assumptions underlying
dysfunctional and negative, distorted thinking. In How and Why
Thoughts Change, Dr. Ian Evans deconstructs the nature of cognitive
therapy by examining the cognitive element of CBT, that is, how and
why thoughts change behavior and emotion. There are a number of
different approaches to cognitive therapy, including the classic
Beck approach, the late Albert Ellis's rational-emotive
psychotherapy, Young's schema-focused therapy, and newer varieties
such as mindfulness training, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy
(ACT), and problem-solving strategies. Evans identifies the common
principles underlying these methods, attempts to integrate them,
and makes suggestions as to how our current cognitive therapies
might be improved. He draws on a broad survey of contemporary
research on basic cognitive processes and integrates these with
therapeutic approaches. While it may seem obvious that how and what
we think determines how and in what manner we behave, the
relationship between thought and action is not a simple one. Evans
addresses questions such as: What is the difference between a
thought and a belief? How do we find the cause of a thought? And
can it really be that thought causes behavior and emotion, or could
it be the other way around? In a reader-friendly style that avoids
jargon, this innovative book answers some pertinent questions about
cognitive therapy in a way that clarifies exactly how and why
thoughts change. Evans demonstrates that understanding these
concepts is a linchpin to providing and improving therapy for
clients.
Human beings change constantly; we are in an endless state of flux
as we grow, mature, learn, and adapt to a myriad of physical,
environmental, social, educational, and cultural influences. Change
can be thought of as planful when it is motivated by the desire to
be and feel different, such as the change that comes about as a
result of deliberate intervention, usually initiated by a troubled
individual and aided by another, typically a professional.
In How and Why People Change Dr. Ian M. Evans revisits many of the
fundamental principles of behavior change in order to deconstruct
what it is we try to achieve in psychological therapies. All of the
conditions that impact people when seeking therapy are brought
together in one cohesive framework: assumptions of learning,
motivation, approach and avoidance, barriers to change, personality
dynamics, and the way that individual behavioral repertoires are
inter-related. Special emphasis is placed on environmental, social,
and cultural influences that allow people to manage their feelings
and promote adaptive thoughts and activities. The result is a novel
and refreshing look at factors that help people change, which can
be mobilized by individuals themselves or their therapists. By
looking past the formal techniques of cognitive-behavior therapy,
this book explores the processes of therapy as well as the nature
of meaningful, long-range, and lasting change. Drawing on a variety
of classic and new research studies, this unifying approach is
evidence-based, but in a different way from the empirical
validation of standardized protocols and manuals. The aim is to
encourage both novice therapists and experienced clinicians to
re-evaluate basic psychological assumptions in order to promote
innovative, individualized, and culturally acceptable
interventions. By understanding the sources of change that most
influence clients' functioning, the commonalities in apparently
different therapeutic theories are recognized, providing a critical
perspective for clinical researchers. Rather than suggesting how
therapy should be conducted, Evans shows how many different
approaches can be understood on the basis of common underlying
principles.
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