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This historical study investigates Ludwig Wittgenstein's early philosophy of logic and language, as it is presented in his Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus. Drawing on Wittgenstein's correspondence, and on his numerous pre-Tractatus manuscripts, the study makes a case for the Tractatus as an insightful critique of the philosophies of Bertrand Russell and Gottlob Frege - the Founding Fathers of analytic philosophy. The book urges a re-assessment of the relative influence of these philosophers on the early Wittgenstein. It argues that the current vogue for "Fregean" readings of the Tractatus has tended to obscure the true depth and importance of Wittgenstein's involvement with Russell's philosophy. This case is built through a series of detailed studies of central logico-linguistic topics including: tautology, logical assertion, the picture theory of the proposition and the deductive inference.
This historical study investigates Ludwig Wittgenstein's early
philosophy of logic and language, as it is presented in his
Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus. The study makes a case for the
Tractatus as an insightful critique of the philosophies of Bertrand
Russell and Gottlob Frege-the Founding Fathers of analytic
philosophy.
Kant conceived of 'critique' as a kind of winnowing exercise, with
the aim of separating the wheat of good metaphysics from the chaff
of bad. He used a less familiar metaphor to make this point,
namely, that of 'the fiery test of critique'-not a medieval ordeal
of trial by fire, but rather a metallurgical assay, or cupellation,
a procedure in which ore samples are tested for their
precious-metal content. When seen in this light, critique has a
positive, investigatory side: it seeks not merely to eliminate bad,
'dogmatic' metaphysics but also to uncover what of philosophical
value might be contained in traditional speculative metaphysics. In
this comprehensive study of the Transcendental Dialectic in Kant's
Critique of Pure Reason, Proops argues that Kant uncovered two
nuggets of value: the indirect proof of Transcendental Idealism
afforded by the resolution of the Antinomies, and a defence of
theoretically grounded 'doctrinal beliefs' in a wise and great
originator, on the one hand, and in an afterlife, on the other.
This examination of critique engages with Kant's views on a number
of central problems in philosophy and meta-philosophy: the
explanation of the enduring human impulse towards metaphysics, the
correct philosophical method, the limits of self-knowledge, the
possibility of human freedom, the resolution of metaphysical
paradox ('Antinomy'), the justification of faith, the nature of
scepticism, and the role of 'as if' reasoning in natural science.
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