The author argues that a part of the history of nation building in Iraq through addressing its political characters, different communities, agreements and pan Arab ideology, including the Baath ideology and its attempts to seize power through nondemocratic methods. It is an attempt to approach the essence of the exclusion mentality of the ruling elite in order to understand the process of genocide against the Kurdish people, including all existing religious minorities. This essence of the process has been approached in the framework of the civilizing and de-civilizing process as a main theory of the German sociologist, Norbert Elias. Thus, this book may be considered as one of the comprehensive books to present a study of state-building in Iraq, along with identifying some of the political figures that had an essential impact on the construction. On the other hand, it is a comprehensive study of the genocide, in the sense of searching for the causes and roots of the genocide. The Anfal campaigns took place in 1988, but the process started as far back as the end of the sixties and the beginning of the seventies of the last century.

The author argues that a part of the history of nation building in Iraq through addressing its political characters, different communities, agreements and pan Arab ideology, including the Baath ideology and its attempts to seize power through nondemocratic methods. It is an attempt to approach the essence of the exclusion mentality of the ruling elite in order to understand the process of genocide against the Kurdish people, including all existing religious minorities. This essence of the process has been approached in the framework of the civilizing and de-civilizing process as a main theory of the German sociologist, Norbert Elias. Thus, this book may be considered as one of the comprehensive books to present a study of state-building in Iraq, along with identifying some of the political figures that had an essential impact on the construction. On the other hand, it is a comprehensive study of the genocide, in the sense of searching for the causes and roots of the genocide. The Anfal campaigns took place in 1988, but the process started as far back as the end of the sixties and the beginning of the seventies of the last century.

Ovarian cancer is the third most common malignancy amongst Pakistani women. It is a silent killer and kills a number of females silently because in most of the cases when this cancer is diagnosed it is on 3rd or 4th stage. Development of this cancer is influenced by genetic, biochemical and environmental factors. Oxidative stress and DNA damage play a pivotal role in its progression. So, the objective of this study was to see the effect of oxidative stress in causation and progression of ovarian cancer and its impact on DNA damage, homocysteine levels and total antioxidant status in ovarian cancerous patients. This study also measured new biomarkers that are closely linked to the progression of ovarian cancer and also found their correlation. The results of study show that excessive inflammation and oxidative stress but low levels of antioxidants cause an increase in DNA damage. There is a direct relationship between oxidative stress and DNA damage. This study suggests the use of antioxidants as drugs to reduce oxidative stress.