First published in 1985, Technology and Rural Women synthesizes the fragmented empirical evidence and the wide range of theoretical approaches on the effects of modernisation on women in the developing world. Using a multi-disciplinary methodology, empirical and sectoral overviews, and country case studies, it draws together the literature to clarify the issues and the policies. The book begins with a conceptual overview and analyses the applicability of traditional theories of technological change and impact on gender based distributional questions. It proceeds to compare the African and Asian experience, examines the African situation regionally, and then as a set of four country case studies. The authors find that the imperfections of rural factor markets have contributed to women's concentration in labour intensive sectors, marked by low productivity and low returns. Biases in the agrarian structure and the extension services are largely responsible for the Institutionalisation of discrimination against women. Finally, the volume identifies the social, economic, and technical constraints to the diffusion of technologies relevant to rural women's tasks. In the final chapter the book's analysis is further refined and extended, so that its conclusions to both theory and policy making are clearly brought out, and areas of future research identified. This book is an essential read for students and scholars of labour economics, women's studies and economics in general.

The book will cover the past, present and future developments of field theory and computational electromagnetics. The first two chapters will give an overview of the historical developments and the present the state-of-the-art in computational electromagnetics. These two chapters will set the stage for discussing recent progress, new developments, challenges, trends and major directions in computational electromagnetics with three main emphases: a. Modeling of ever larger structures with multi-scale dimensions and multi-level descriptions (behavioral, circuit, network and field levels) and transient behaviours b. Inclusions of physical effects other than electromagnetic: quantum effects, thermal effects, mechanical effects and nano scale features c. New developments in available computer hardware, programming paradigms (MPI, Open MP, CUDA and Open CL) and the associated new modeling approaches These are the current emerging topics in the area of computational electromagnetics and may provide readers a comprehensive overview of future trends and directions in the area. The book is written for students, research scientists, professors, design engineers and consultants who engaged in the fields of design, analysis and research of the emerging technologies related to computational electromagnetics, RF/microwave, optimization, new numerical methods, as well as accelerator simulator, dispersive materials, nano-antennas, nano-waveguide, nano-electronics, terahertz applications, bio-medical and material sciences. The book may also be used for those involved in commercializing electromagnetic and related emerging technologies, sensors and the semiconductor industry. The book can be used as a reference book for graduates and post graduates. It can also be used as a text book for workshops and continuing education for researchers and design engineers.

The book will cover the past, present and future developments of field theory and computational electromagnetics. The first two chapters will give an overview of the historical developments and the present the state-of-the-art in computational electromagnetics. These two chapters will set the stage for discussing recent progress, new developments, challenges, trends and major directions in computational electromagnetics with three main emphases:

a. Modeling of ever larger structures with multi-scale dimensions and multi-level descriptions (behavioral, circuit, network and field levels) and transient behaviours

b. Inclusions of physical effects other than electromagnetic: quantum effects, thermal effects, mechanical effects and nano scale features

c. New developments in available computer hardware, programming paradigms (MPI, Open MP, CUDA and Open CL) and the associated new modeling approaches

These are the current emerging topics in the area of computational electromagnetics and may provide readers a comprehensive overview of future trends and directions in the area.

The book iswritten for students, research scientists, professors, design engineers and consultants who engaged in the fields ofdesign, analysis and research of the emerging technologies related to computational electromagnetics, RF/microwave, optimization, new numerical methods, as well as accelerator simulator, dispersive materials, nano-antennas, nano-waveguide, nano-electronics, terahertz applications, bio-medical and material sciences.The book may also be used for those involved in commercializing electromagnetic and related emerging technologies, sensors and the semiconductor industry. The book can be used as a reference book for graduates and post graduates. It can also be used as a text book for workshops and continuing education for researchers and design engineers."

Investigates current applications of biotechnology in developing countries and their impact on the rural poor. Can biotechnologies be specifically designed and deliberately released to alleviate rural poverty, or will they accentuate existing inequalities?

Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is a major cash crop in the world. Cotton improvement can be accomplished by favorable combination of genes in cotton varieties through hybridization. This book covers study of inheritance of different yield contributing and fiber quality traits in upland cotton. Additive-dominance model was applied to understand gene action involved in the traits studied. This work explores the genetic behavior of these traits in upland cotton and will help cotton breeders to choose suitable parents for hybridization in their genetic improvement programs of cotton. This book will also be proved a guide for students of plant breeding and genetics who are working or planning to work on cotton crop.

A study of leadership based on author's own experiences, lectures, and workshops and built upon interactions with naval commanders and corporate sector managers. It is a fine blend of theory and practice. which helps leaders in commanding love, respect, and loyalty of their people.

Common carp is one the worldwide distributed fish species but still non-preferred for cultivation in East Asia and book contains the practical approach of androgen application for problems associated with Common carp culturing like control of stocking density within pond and enhanced fish growth at the same time by increasing fish yield and quality protein food product for humans on the other hand.

A polyculture was carried out to compare the growth performance and meat quality of Labeo rohita, Catla catla and Cyprinus carpio, under the influence of fertilization and supplementary feed in various combinations. It was found that the manipulation of Cyprinus carpio along with the major carps and the provision of supplementary feed and fertilization enhanced the growth rate, production, meat quality in semi intensive culture system.

Several classes of microorganisms have been recognized as extremophiles inhabiting in an extreme environments of heat or cold, pH, salinity, pressure, and even radiation. These extremophiles, having many interesting biological secrets, provide a novel source of discoveries in applied and basic sciences. We studied a new frontier in extremophiles, i.e., microorganisms tolerating toxic levels of boron. Boron (B), a non-metal micronutrient, has been known to be essential for plants since long. Some animals and unicellular eukaryotes also require B but the level of requirement differs among various organisms. On the other hand, B is toxic to living cells when present above a certain threshold. Environmental B toxicity occurs in many parts of the world and B contaminated soils are difficult to ameliorate. Due to its toxic effects for microorganisms, B has been used as a food preservative. During these studies, several novel species of boron-requiring and boron- tolerant bacteria have been identified. Among these, Bacillus boroniphilus was found to be very interesting. It not only needs boron but also highly tolerant to toxic concentration of boron.

The partial differential equations arising in the study of non-Newtonian fluids offer many challenges not only to physicists and numerical analysts but also mathematician alike. Particularly the studies regarding the unsteady flows due to a stretching sheet is very scarce in the literature. Much attention has been given to the steady flow problems. Few attempts have been made regarding the unsteady flows. The main aim here is to develop the analytic series solutions using homotopy analysis method. One important aspect of these solutions is that these solutions are valid for all the dimensionless time values as most of the numerical solutions does not. In this particular book we have emphasized on the viscous and second grade fluids both for linearly and radially stretching sheets.