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This book explores the early-stage detection of cancer using
polarized light. It discusses the diverse properties of the light
(temporal and spatial coherence, polarization, fluorescence, etc.)
that can be used non-invasively as an optical technique for
recognizing precancerous lesions, which could become a reliable and
accurate method for cancer screening. The search for the effective
means for cancer screening is of particular interest to scientific
and medical communities, because cancer takes its toll around the
globe with no respect for age or gender. Early detection of the
disease is a key factor in increasing the survival rate and
patients' quality of life.
This book provides an essential overview of the basic principles of
imaging modalities, accompanied by examples of their applications
in modern clinical and associated pre-clinical studies. The
monograph is based on the original results of investigation of the
efficiency use of laser light and Mueller-matrix polarimetry
approach for assessment of myocardial tissues towards confirmation
the cause of death. A morphological analysis of necrotic changes in
the myocardial tissue of patients that died due to heart attack,
coronary heart disease and acute coronary insufficiency was carried
out and the data and histological sections of the myocardium
inspected utilizing Mueller-matrix mapping of tissue samples with
polarized light. A unified optical model of polycrystalline
structure of the myocardium is proposed, and the principles and
regulations of Mueller-matrix description of its polarization
manifestations are explored and developed. The book also provides a
statistical and scale-selective wavelet analysis of polarization
and Mueller-matrix maps. Finally, the key forensic medical criteria
for the differential diagnosis of the cause of death due to
necrotic and pathological changes in the morphological structure of
the myocardium have been established
This book presents a new diagnostic approach that utilizes complex
statistical, correlation, fractal, and singular analysis of spatial
distribution of the Stokes vector of scattered polarized light in
different diffraction zones. The technique is able to identify
changes in the distribution of optical axes and the birefringent
indices of multi-layered fibrillar networks of biological tissues.
The book also presents various scenarios for the formation of
polarization singularities in laser speckle images of
phase-inhomogeneous, multi-layered biological tissues in terms of
the characteristic values of Mueller-matrix images. Moreover, in
the context of potential diagnostic applications, it discusses the
states of polarization singularities and their changes associated
with the pathological abnormalities of the extracellular matrix of
human tissues, its spatial peculiarities and structural
orientation.
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