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This volume presents a sketch of the Meaning-Text linguistic
approach, richly illustrated by examples borrowed mainly, but not
exclusively, from English. Chapter 1 expounds the basic idea that
underlies this approach-that a natural language must be described
as a correspondence between linguistic meanings and linguistic
texts-and explains the organization of the book. Chapter 2
introduces the notion of linguistic functional model, the three
postulates of the Meaning-Text approach (a language is a particular
meaning-text correspondence, a language must be described by a
functional model and linguistic utterances must be treated at the
level of the sentence and that of the word) and the perspective
"from meaning to text" for linguistic descriptions. Chapter 3
contains a characterization of a particular Meaning-Text model:
formal linguistic representations on the semantic, the syntactic
and the morphological levels and the modules of a linguistic model
that link these representations. Chapter 4 covers two central
problems of the Meaning-Text approach: semantic decomposition and
restricted lexical cooccurrence ( lexical functions); particular
attention is paid to the correlation between semantic components in
the definition of a lexical unit and the values of its lexical
functions. Chapter 5 discusses five select issues: 1) the
orientation of a linguistic description must be from meaning to
text (using as data Spanish semivowels and Russian binominative
constructions); 2) a system of notions and terms for linguistics
(linguistic sign and the operation of linguistic union; notion of
word; case, voice, and ergative construction); 3) formal
description of meaning (strict semantic decomposition,
standardization of semantemes, the adequacy of decomposition, the
maximal block principle); 4) the Explanatory Combinatorial
Dictionary (with a sample of complete lexical entries for Russian
vocables); 5) dependencies in language, in particular-syntactic
dependencies (the criteria for establishing a set of
surface-syntactic relations for a language are formulated). Three
appendices follow: a phonetic table, an inventory of
surface-syntactic relations for English and an overview of all
possible combinations of the three types of dependency (semantic,
syntactic, and morphological). The book is supplied with a detailed
index of notions and terms, which includes a linguistic glossary.
This volume presents a sketch of the Meaning-Text linguistic
approach, richly illustrated by examples borrowed mainly, but not
exclusively, from English. Chapter 1 expounds the basic idea that
underlies this approach-that a natural language must be described
as a correspondence between linguistic meanings and linguistic
texts-and explains the organization of the book. Chapter 2
introduces the notion of linguistic functional model, the three
postulates of the Meaning-Text approach (a language is a particular
meaning-text correspondence, a language must be described by a
functional model and linguistic utterances must be treated at the
level of the sentence and that of the word) and the perspective
"from meaning to text" for linguistic descriptions. Chapter 3
contains a characterization of a particular Meaning-Text model:
formal linguistic representations on the semantic, the syntactic
and the morphological levels and the modules of a linguistic model
that link these representations. Chapter 4 covers two central
problems of the Meaning-Text approach: semantic decomposition and
restricted lexical cooccurrence (? lexical functions); particular
attention is paid to the correlation between semantic components in
the definition of a lexical unit and the values of its lexical
functions. Chapter 5 discusses five select issues: 1) the
orientation of a linguistic description must be from meaning to
text (using as data Spanish semivowels and Russian binominative
constructions); 2) a system of notions and terms for linguistics
(linguistic sign and the operation of linguistic union; notion of
word; case, voice, and ergative construction); 3) formal
description of meaning (strict semantic decomposition,
standardization of semantemes, the adequacy of decomposition, the
maximal block principle); 4) the Explanatory Combinatorial
Dictionary (with a sample of complete lexical entries for Russian
vocables); 5) dependencies in language, in particular-syntactic
dependencies (the criteria for establishing a set of
surface-syntactic relations for a language are formulated). Three
appendices follow: a phonetic table, an inventory of
surface-syntactic relations for English and an overview of all
possible combinations of the three types of dependency (semantic,
syntactic, and morphological). The book is supplied with a detailed
index of notions and terms, which includes a linguistic glossary.
The monograph presents the Meaning-Text approach applied to the
domain of syntax from a typological angle; it deals with several
long-standing syntactic problems on the basis of a dependency
description. Its content can be presented in five parts + an
Introduction: The Introduction explains the architecture of the
book and sketches the Meaning-Text linguis-tic model, underlying
the subsequent discussion. I. Surface-syntactic relations in the
languages of the world, with special studies of subjects and
objects. II. Grammatical voice in the dependency framework: the
"passive" construction in Chinese. III. The relative clause: a
calculus and analysis of possible types; the pseudo-relative
("headless") clause. IV. Binary conjunctions (such as IF ..., THEN
...), free indefinite pronouns ([He went] nobody knows where), and
syntactic idioms. V. Word order: linearization of dependency
structures. The monograph offers a new perspective in syntactic
studies. It is strongly typology-oriented (using the data from
typologically diverse languages: English, Russian, Chinese, Korean,
Basque, Georgian, etc.) and based on a system of rigorous
definitions of the notions involved, which ensures a link with
computational linguistics and Natural Language Processing
The monograph presents the Meaning-Text approach applied to the
domain of syntax from a typological angle; it deals with several
long-standing syntactic problems on the basis of a dependency
description. Its content can be presented in five parts + an
Introduction: The Introduction explains the architecture of the
book and sketches the Meaning-Text linguis-tic model, underlying
the subsequent discussion. I. Surface-syntactic relations in the
languages of the world, with special studies of subjects and
objects. II. Grammatical voice in the dependency framework: the
"passive" construction in Chinese. III. The relative clause: a
calculus and analysis of possible types; the pseudo-relative
("headless") clause. IV. Binary conjunctions (such as IF ..., THEN
...), free indefinite pronouns ([He went] nobody knows where), and
syntactic idioms. V. Word order: linearization of dependency
structures. The monograph offers a new perspective in syntactic
studies. It is strongly typology-oriented (using the data from
typologically diverse languages: English, Russian, Chinese, Korean,
Basque, Georgian, etc.) and based on a system of rigorous
definitions of the notions involved, which ensures a link with
computational linguistics and Natural Language Processing
The book is dedicated to linguistic morphology and it contains a
sketch of a complete morphological theory, centered around a
discussion of fundamental concepts such as morph vs. morpheme,
inflectional category, voice, grammatical case, agreement vs.
government, suppletion, relationships between linguistic signs,
etc.: the hottest issues in modern linguistics! The book introduces
rigorous and clear concepts necessary to describe morphological
phenomena of natural languages. Among other things, it offers
logical calculi of possible grammemes in a given category. The
presentation is developed in a typological perspective, so that
linguistic data from a large variety of languages are described and
analyzed (about 100 typologically very different languages). The
main method is deductive: the concepts proposed in Aspects of the
Theory of Morphology are based on a small set of indefinibilia and
each concept is defined in terms of these indefinibilia and/or
other concepts defined previously; as a result, logical calculi can
be constructed (similar to Mendeleev's Periodical Table of Elements
in chemistry). Then the concept is applied to the actual linguistic
data to demonstrate its validity and advantages. Thus, Aspects of
the Theory of Morphology combines metalinguistic endeavor (a system
of concepts for morphology) with typological and descriptive
orientation. It reaches out to all students of language, including
the border fields and applications.
This book is an advanced introduction to semantics that presents
this crucial component of human language through the lens of the
'Meaning-Text' theory - an approach that treats linguistic
knowledge as a huge inventory of correspondences between thought
and speech. Formally, semantics is viewed as an organized set of
rules that connect a representation of meaning (Semantic
Representation) to a representation of the sentence (Deep-Syntactic
Representation). The approach is particularly interesting for
computer assisted language learning, natural language processing
and computational lexicography, as our linguistic rules easily lend
themselves to formalization and computer applications. The model
combines abstract theoretical constructions with numerous
linguistic descriptions, as well as multiple practice exercises
that provide a solid hands-on approach to learning how to describe
natural language semantics.
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