Drug-drug interactions are causing morbidity and mortality in mankind. Severe harmful interactions are recoded when drugs are prescribed without studying their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic actions. Knowledge about drug interactions is necessary for pharmaceutical industries, regulatory agencies, clinical health care professionals and policy makers. The book focuses on research findings regarding influence of Fluoroquinolone (Ciprofloxacin) on the pharmacokinetics of Carbamazepine, investigated in healthy adult males. Carbamazepine is mostly prescribed drug for the treatment of epilepsy, neuropathic pain, schizophrenia, phantom limb syndrome and paroxysmal extreme pain disorder. Epileptic patients can have various types of infections like urinary tract, upper respiratory tract, skin and soft tissue, dental pain, typhoid and other infectious diseases. These patients often injured during fits and fluoroquinolones are used as first line of therapy to treat such kind of infectious disease. Since both drugs are prescribed commonly by the physicians and interaction may result, so the information about their pharmacokinetics given here are beneficial for physicians and researchers.

Heavy metal residual concentrations of cadmium, chromium, nickel, lead, arsenic and mercury in the milk and meat (muscles and organs) have been determined in cattle and goat in two areas, each consisted of three sites, along the main sewerage drains of Faisalabad city. During present investigations the range of most heavy metal residues (mg/L) in milk of cattle and goat have been found higher than their corresponding reported values. Similar trends were observed in meat (muscles and organs) of cattle and goat. The most values of heavy metal residues have been found higher: in goat than in cattle, in Area 1 than in Area 2 and in summer than in winter. Drastic measures are suggested to detoxicate and treat both the industrial and domestic effluents which are intended to be used for agriculture purposes.