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The book outlines the approaches of classical elite theory and
democratic elitism for the study of national power structures. The
book displays different research methods for elite study as well as
the power conceptions included within these methods. An elite
structure typology is derived from the elite theory and applied to
chart the changes in the elite structure of one country, Finland.
The data of this work is unique in international comparison: postal
surveys were conducted among the elites and the citizenry in 1991,
2001, and 2011. The study explores empirically the changes
occurring in the elite structure from the early 1990s to the
present day-a period that has been characterized by important
societal upheavals, such as the great recession of the early 1990s,
Finland's accession to the European Union in 1995, and the
international financial crisis and the Eurozone debt crisis in the
2000s. The main focus is on how the elite structure has changed in
terms of vertical social mobility (i.e., openness) on the one hand
and horizontal mobility (i.e., coherence) on the other. With regard
to vertical social mobility, the research interest focuses on
changes in elites' social background and various factors advancing
their recruitment and career into elite positions. As for
horizontal mobility, the study focuses on the elites' different
channels of contact with other influential groups in society,
networking with various societal institutions, the attitudinal
unanimity within various elites and between the elites and the
citizenry, mobility between different elite groups (i.e.
circulation), the accumulation of power positions, and the
retention and loss of elite positions. The findings are compared
with previous international studies, especially Scandinavian elite
studies. Finally, the study considers what the results tell us
about the state of democracy.
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