Ukraine is a major east European country that acquired independence in late 1991, in the most difficult of circumstances. Between 1991 and 1994, its economy went into a state of hyper-stagflation - a combination of massive economic decline and an inflation rate that rose to above 10,000 per cent in 1993. Its political and social infrastructure had to emerge against the background of rapidly shrinking living standards and concern about the sustainability of the country itself. Remarkably, in mid-1994 Ukraine seemed to have established the necessary political basis for a sustained transformation of its social and economic policies. In the coming period, it will be essential for the government, for those agencies providing financial assistance, for the emerging employer and trade union organisations and for others involved in that process to give very high priority to the substantial reform of labour market and social policy. This report attempts to assess the trends in social and labour market policy currently emerging in Ukraine. It is aimed both at those in Ukraine who have to deal with novel and extremely complex policy challenges, and at all those academics involved in the study of Ukraine's current transition and reform processes. This report is the responsibility of the ILO's Central and Eastern European Team, based in Budapest. It has been prepared in cooperation with the United Nations Office in Ukraine and many Ukrainian governmental organisations, trade unions and employers' organisations. It was submitted to the tripartite conference 'Reforming Labour and Social Policy in Ukraine' in Kiev in September 1994. Conclusions and recommendations drawn from the conference are presentedin this report.

Governance and Economic Growth in Nigeria: The Role of China and the U.S. between 2001–2011 examines why Nigeria experienced steady economic growth in GDP between 2001–2011. Saidat Ilo argues that improved governance as well as the perceived competition between China and the United States has impacted this growth. He analyzes this perceived rivalry and their policies closely. This book not only contributes to development theories by focusing and analyzing governance but it also goes a step further by filling a gap of contending theories which fail to consider the role governance plays in economic growth and progress particularly in the developing world. Through in-depth research, Saidat Ilo discovers how China and the United States’ foreign policies influence decisions on foreign aid and trade in Nigeria. He shows that there is a direct correlation between good governance and economic growth in Nigeria and provides policy recommendations based on this research.

This dictionary follows the format of the others in 'Beginner's' series, with a cultural introduction to the language and region, a pronunciation guide, and 15 lessons that teach essential grammar and basic conversational skills to the first-time learner. Duologues and review exercises allow the student to practice communication, study grammatical structures, and develop vocabulary.

The ongoing tension and hostility between China and Taiwan in Africa are a continuation of the Chinese Civil War (1927-1949) between the forces of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) which remained in mainland China, and the Kuomintang (KMT) of the Republic of China (ROC) which fled to the island of Taiwan. In the intervening years, China has claimed Taiwan as part of its territory and through persistent and aggressive political and economic efforts convinced much of the world to accept her as the sole and legitimate seat of the Chinese people and government. Africa-China-Taiwan Relations, 1949-2020 provides a coherent account of why and how China was able to convince African governments to acquiesce to her claims which have resulted in the expulsion of and the diplomatic isolation of Taiwan on the African continent. This volume, edited by Sabella Ogbobode Abidde, also explains Taiwan's unsuccessful efforts at blunting China's maneuvers. It further discusses the endogenous and exogenous factors that swayed African governments to switch their diplomatic allegiance away from Taiwan-a country that was for many years an ally and dependable partner in their quest for growth and development. Finally, the book contains critical assessments of the role and place of China and Taiwan and their current relationship with states and societies on the African continent.

Wealth, Health, and Hope in African Christian Religion offers a portrait of how contending narratives of modernity in both church and society play out in Africa today through the agency of African Christian religion. It explores the identity and features of African Christian religion and the cultural forces driving the momentum of Christian expansion in Africa, as well as how these factors are shaping a new African social imagination, especially in providing answers to the most challenging questions about poverty, wealth, health, human, and cosmic flourishing. It offers the academy a good road map for interpreting African Christian religious beliefs and practices today and into the future.

IX The International Seminar on the Immunological System as a Target for Toxic Damage was held at The Commission of the European Communities (CEC) in Luxembourg on 6-9 November 1984. It was organized by the CEC and the International Programme on Chemical Safety of UNEP/ILO/WHO with the support of the u. S. Environmental Protection Agency and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences - USA and with the participation of the International Society of Immunophar macology. These bodies are actively concerned with the scientific and applied aspects of immunotoxicology. The Seminar consisted of thirty-four invited papers and three major panel discussions covering current and future test strategies for the screening of immunotoxic substances, hypersensitivity and the health implications of immunotoxico logical problems. It was attended by more than 200 scien tists from 27 countries representing all the Member states of the European Economic Community and the six Regions of the World Health Organization. These scientists represented many different disciplines and interests. The Seminar's principal objectives were: a review of recent advances in knowledge concerning the structure, function and dysfunction of the immunological system; - a review of the effects of xenobiotics on the immune system in animals and humans; an examination of the human health implications of immunotoxicity; discussion and critical analysis of the procedures for the assessment of immunological damage, a discussion of needs for the further development of laboratory and epidemiological methods and their validation, and a consideration of current test strategies."

At once prophetic, pastoral, and personal, this book applies the symbols of "salt" and "light" as ecclesiological images for reimaging the African Church for today and tomorrow. The proposal of this book is to reconsider the path towards abundant life for God's people in the challenging context of African continent, and through the agency of African Christianity. The contributors stress the necessity of de-Westernizing African Christianity and ask these fundamental questions: What is the face of Jesus in African Christianity? What is the face and identity of the Church in Africa? What positive imprint is Christianity leaving on the lives and societies of African Christians? Does the Christian message have the potential of positively affecting African civilization as it once did in Europe? What is the relevance and place of African Christianity as a significant voice in shaping both the future of Africa and that of world Christianity?

This book presents a holistic solution for Smart Grids that includes the electricity: producers, electricity storages, grids, market and customer plants. The authors have derived the architectural paradigm for Smart Grids LINK from the signature of their fractal structure. The presented LINK-based holistic architecture enables the large-scale integration of distributed energy resources by minimising the data to be exchanged, thus considering privacy and cyber security by design. The straightforwardness of LINK-Solution is related to its standardised structures, enabling the coupling of energy and non-energy sectors and Energy Communities. The Volt/var chain control as one of the most challenging operation processes of Smart Grids is covered in detail in this edition. Chapter by chapter, the reader is smoothly introduced to this unique solution, facilitating its practical implementation. This book is a valuable resource for experts, consultants, engineers, scientists, and students in the Smart Grids area and actors of the electricity market and politicians.