The knowledge of metal ion speciation is essential for predicting the exact toxicities of metal ion species in the environment. Metal ions can exist in various oxidation states, each of which possesses different physical and chemical properties as well as exhibit varying toxicities. Often, toxicity data is unreliable because it is based on metal ion concentration measurements that fail to identify a dominant species either more or less harmful than the average. Instrumental Methods in Metal Ion Speciation provides analytical techniques and experimental methodologies for determining the concentration of the different physicochemical forms of metal ions in environmental and biological samples, leading to more accurate measurements of actual toxicity. The authors introduce the principles of metal ion speciation and discuss important analytical techniques such as gas and liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, and both electrochemical and radiochemical methods used to determine concentration and composition. They present a range of liquid chromatographic approaches, including capillary electrochromatography and high-performance, ion, ion pair, micellar electrokinetic, size exclusion, chiral, and supercritical fluid chromatographies for all metal ion species. Comprehensive in scope, the text covers the sources, distribution, toxicity, biotransformation, and biodegradation of each metal ions species as well as extraction methods, sample preparation, and experimental optimization techniques that can be useful in designing future experiments. Instrumental Methods in Metal Ion Speciation is a unique and valuable source of reference for scientists, academics, and researchers involved in analytical, biological, pharmaceutical, and environmental chemistries, as well as material industries, geochemistry, agriculture, biotechnology, and occupational safety and regulations.

This monograph contains a survey on the role of chirality in ecotoxicological processes. The focus is on environmental trace analysis. Areas such as toxicology, ecotoxicology, synthetic chemistry, biology, and physics are also covered in detail in order to explain the different properties of enantiomers in environmental samples. This monograph delivers a comprehensive survey for environmental trace analysts, analytical chemists, ecotoxicologists, food scientists and experienced lab workers.

This monograph contains a survey on the role of chirality in ecotoxicological processes. The focus is on environmental trace analysis. Areas such as toxicology, ecotoxicology, synthetic chemistry, biology, and physics are also covered in detail in order to explain the different properties of enantiomers in environmental samples. This monograph delivers a comprehensive survey for environmental trace analysts, analytical chemists, ecotoxicologists, food scientists and experienced lab workers.

The world is facing a drinking water crisis. Besides continuous population growth, uneven distribution of water resources and periodic droughts have forced scientists to search for new and effective water treatment, remediation and recycling technologies. Therefore, there is a great need for the development of suitable, inexpensive and rapid wastewater treatment and reuse or conservation methods. This title discusses different types of wastewater treatment, remediation and recycling techniques, like adsorption, membrane filtration and reverse osmosis. It alsoprovides guidance for the selection of the appropriate technologies or their combinations for specific applications so that one can select the exact and accurate technology without any problem. The book comprises detailed discussion on the application of various technologies for water treatment, remediation and recycling technologies and provides an update on the development in water treatment, detailed analysis of their features and economic analysis, bridging the current existing information gap. Each chapteris also documented by references and updated citations.
Provides guidance for the selection of the appropriate technologies to industrialists and government authorities for the selection of exact, inexpensive technologies for specific problem solvingDiscusses the developments of inexpensive and rapid wastewater treatment, remediation and recyclingGives information on the application of analytical techniques, such as GC, LC, IR, and XRF for analysing and measuring waterProvides an updated development in water treatment technologies, detailed analysis of their features and economic analysis, enabling to choose a problem-specific solutionCompletely updates the current knowledge in this field, bridging the current existing information gap"

The Punjab--an area now divided between Pakistan and India--experienced significant economic growth under British rule from the second half of the nineteenth century. This expansion was founded on the construction of an extensive network of canals in the western parts of the province. The ensuing agricultural settlement transformed the previously barren area into one of the most important regions of commercial agriculture in South Asia. Nevertheless, Imran Ali argues that colonial strategy distorted the development of what came to be called the "bread basket" of the Indian subcontinent. This comprehensive survey of British rule in the Punjab demonstrates that colonial policy making led to many of the socio-economic and political problems currently plaguing Pakistan and Indian Punjab. Subordinating developmental goals to its political and military imperatives, the colonial state cooperated with the dominant social classes, the members of which became the major beneficiaries of agricultural colonization. Even while the rulers tried to use the vast resources of the Punjab to advance imperial purposes, they were themselves being used by their collaborators to advance implacable private interests. Such processes effectively retarded both nationalism and social change and resulted in the continued backwardness of the region even after the departure of the British. Originally published in 1988. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

The Punjab--an area now divided between Pakistan and India--experienced significant economic growth under British rule from the second half of the nineteenth century. This expansion was founded on the construction of an extensive network of canals in the western parts of the province. The ensuing agricultural settlement transformed the previously barren area into one of the most important regions of commercial agriculture in South Asia. Nevertheless, Imran Ali argues that colonial strategy distorted the development of what came to be called the "bread basket" of the Indian subcontinent. This comprehensive survey of British rule in the Punjab demonstrates that colonial policy making led to many of the socio-economic and political problems currently plaguing Pakistan and Indian Punjab.

Subordinating developmental goals to its political and military imperatives, the colonial state cooperated with the dominant social classes, the members of which became the major beneficiaries of agricultural colonization. Even while the rulers tried to use the vast resources of the Punjab to advance imperial purposes, they were themselves being used by their collaborators to advance implacable private interests. Such processes effectively retarded both nationalism and social change and resulted in the continued backwardness of the region even after the departure of the British.

Originally published in 1988.

The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These paperback editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Gillsbury may seem like any other typical, closeted American small town about to be forced to come to terms with a new LGBT social club formed in the town s only high school. Alain and his lovely Angels will be the pioneers to this revolutionary movement dragging the townspeople kicking and screaming along the way as they all fight their own inner demons. His final year in high school brings new friendship, hope, heartache, lies, deceit and murder all in the name of equality, acceptance and maybe even love.

A wide Array of people is attracted to the fascinating world of insects, especially because of their morphology and interesting ways of life.In entomology, insect has received considerable attraction from persons concerned with the environment.Estimates of the total number of insect species in the world range from one million to thirty million species but widely acceptable figure would probably be around five million.Anyhow about 9,00,000 insect species have been named and described and many more are being identified each year.since many years, there has been a pressing demand, from the students of Entomology for a handy book of insect and their orders. An effort has been made to provide the characters and information, which is classify the insects into related orders and their habit

Biodiversity is a contraction of term biological diversity which refers to the variety within the living world.Diversity in forestry parlance is an amalgamation of species richness and evenness.The word richness indicates the number of species present in a designated area, where as evenness stands for the relative abundance of each species.it means that a pristine forest and a seriously degraded site may have identical number of species but the evenness will decide the degree of diversit

Banking setup over the world varies in size and operations. this book suggested that, wellsound banking structure is essential for theconsistent economic development not only in Pakistan but overall the world. As banks in Pakistan facing many problems that is a major challenge for them, thus it is need of the time to search out those factors which impact profitability of banks.This book hilight those factors.

In the polarized world of today, human being seems to be nomadic towards chaos, intolerance and violence. People are divided on the lines of religion, colour, race, language, faith, sects, caste creed and many other differences. In order to understand the problems of the modern era like growing trends of hostility, insecurity, extremism, and terrorism in our societies which have broken the social fabric. In this scenario, we need a comprehensive ideology to defeat these challenges and to bring the peace and harmony in the world. The Mystics or Sufis believe that God is 'Love' so the man created in His image should also be a symbol of love without hatred, bias and enmity. Their ideology does not oppose or reject to any other ideology, faith but its main ideal is to accept diversity and remove differences. Religious extremism in Pakistan is in the fold, but the majority in the country believes in religious tolerance and reconciliation. In this context, many people are in favour of the Sufi ideas or trends. The phenomenon of Sufism or Mysticism has been used as an approach to evade from hated and violent tendency to reorient our society back on the track to peace and prosperity.

Investment is the key issue for economic development in any developing economy. The study makes effort to explore the impact of different factors on investment in Bangladesh. It also examines the climate which is dramatically changing over time in developing world and so, assessing the climate for investment is inevitable. In this study, we have tried to show the interdependencies between macroeconomic factors and total investment in Bangladesh and also have identified the performance of public and private sector growth for several years. It has considered the performance and activities of government and non government institutions. Government inefficiency and corruption, structural adjustment and political unrest, GDP growth, inflation, trade openness, institutional policies and facilities are the considerable factors of the study that affect investment climate positively or negatively. Finally this study shows that investment climate largely depend on economic and non economic factors though available investible fund.

The knowledge of metal ion speciation is essential for predicting the exact toxicities of metal ion species in the environment. Metal ions can exist in various oxidation states, each of which possesses different physical and chemical properties as well as exhibit varying toxicities. Often, toxicity data is unreliable because it is based on metal ion concentration measurements that fail to identify a dominant species either more or less harmful than the average. Instrumental Methods in Metal Ion Speciation provides analytical techniques and experimental methodologies for determining the concentration of the different physicochemical forms of metal ions in environmental and biological samples, leading to more accurate measurements of actual toxicity.

The authors introduce the principles of metal ion speciation and discuss important analytical techniques such as gas and liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, and both electrochemical and radiochemical methods used to determine concentration and composition. They present a range of liquid chromatographic approaches, including capillary electrochromatography and high-performance, ion, ion pair, micellar electrokinetic, size exclusion, chiral, and supercritical fluid chromatographies for all metal ion species. Comprehensive in scope, the text covers the sources, distribution, toxicity, biotransformation, and biodegradation of each metal ions species as well as extraction methods, sample preparation, and experimental optimization techniques that can be useful in designing future experiments.

Instrumental Methods in Metal Ion Speciation is a unique and valuable source of reference for scientists, academics, and researchersinvolved in analytical, biological, pharmaceutical, and environmental chemistries, as well as material industries, geochemistry, agriculture, biotechnology, and occupational safety and regulations.