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This Springer Laboratory volume introduces the reader to advanced
techniques for the separation and fractionation of polyolefins. It
includes detailed information on experimental protocols and
procedures, addressing the experimental background of different
polyolefin fractionation techniques in great detail. The book
summarizes important applications in all major fractionation
methods with emphasis on multidimensional analytical approaches. It
comprises the most powerful modern techniques, such as high
temperature size exclusion chromatography (HT-SEC) for molar mass
analysis, temperature rising elution fractionation (TREF) and
crystallization analysis fractionation (CRYSTAF) for the analysis
of chemical composition and branching, high temperature
two-dimensional liquid chromatography (HT-2D-LC), solvent and
temperature gradient interaction chromatography (SGIC and TGIC) and
crystallization elution fractionation (CEF). Beginners as well as
experienced chromatographers will benefit from this concise
introduction to a great variety in instrumentation, separation
procedures and applications. With detailed descriptions of
experimental approaches for the analysis of complex polyolefins,
the readers are offered a toolbox to solve simple as well as
sophisticated separation tasks. The book starts with an
introduction into the molecular complexity of polyolefins - the
most widely used synthetic polymers with rapidly growing production
capacities. It systematically discusses crystallization based
fractionation techniques including TREF, CRYSTAF and CEF and column
chromatographic techniques for molar mass, chemical composition and
microstructure, as well as the combination of different
fractionations in multidimensional experimental setups. This book
also includes basic information on the application of
high-temperature field-flow fractionation.
Handbook of Nanomaterials, Volume One: Electronics, Information
Technology, Energy, Transportation, and Consumer Products offers a
comprehensive resource that introduces the role of nanotechnology
and nanomaterials in a broad range of areas, covering fundamentals,
methods, and applications. In this volume, the initial chapters
introduce the core concepts of nanotechnology, synthesis methods,
and characterization techniques. Following sections focus on key
application areas across electronics, information technology,
energy, transportation, and consumer products. In each chapter,
detailed, but concise information is provided on a specific
application, covering methods and latest advances. This book will
be of interest to researchers and advanced students approaching
nanotechnology from a range of disciplines, including materials
science and engineering, chemistry, chemical engineering,
electronics, energy, biomedicine, environmental science, food
science, and agriculture, as well as scientists, engineers, and
R&D professionals with an interest in the use of nanomaterials
across a range of industries.
Handbook of Nanomaterials, Volume Two: Biomedicine, Environment,
Food, and Agriculture offers a comprehensive resource that
introduces the role of nanotechnology and nanomaterials in a broad
range of areas, covering fundamentals, methods, and applications.
Dedicated sections focus on key applications across biomedicine,
environmental remediation, food, agriculture, and other areas.
Detailed, but concise information is provided on a specific
application, and other key state-of-the-art technologies such as
biomimetic nanotechnology and nanotechnology in 3D printing are
included. In the final part of the book, there is in-depth coverage
of environmental and regulatory issues relating to nanotechnology.
This book will be of great interest to researchers and advanced
students approaching nanotechnology from a range of disciplines,
including materials science and engineering, chemistry, chemical
engineering, electronics, energy, biomedicine, environmental
science, food science, and agriculture, as well as scientists,
engineers, and R&D professionals with an interest in the use of
nanomaterials across a range of industries.
This Springer Laboratory volume introduces the reader to advanced
techniques for the separation and fractionation of polyolefins. It
includes detailed information on experimental protocols and
procedures, addressing the experimental background of different
polyolefin fractionation techniques in great detail. The book
summarizes important applications in all major fractionation
methods with emphasis on multidimensional analytical approaches. It
comprises the most powerful modern techniques, such as high
temperature size exclusion chromatography (HT-SEC) for molar mass
analysis, temperature rising elution fractionation (TREF) and
crystallization analysis fractionation (CRYSTAF) for the analysis
of chemical composition and branching, high temperature
two-dimensional liquid chromatography (HT-2D-LC), solvent and
temperature gradient interaction chromatography (SGIC and TGIC) and
crystallization elution fractionation (CEF). Beginners as well as
experienced chromatographers will benefit from this concise
introduction to a great variety in instrumentation, separation
procedures and applications. With detailed descriptions of
experimental approaches for the analysis of complex polyolefins,
the readers are offered a toolbox to solve simple as well as
sophisticated separation tasks. The book starts with an
introduction into the molecular complexity of polyolefins - the
most widely used synthetic polymers with rapidly growing production
capacities. It systematically discusses crystallization based
fractionation techniques including TREF, CRYSTAF and CEF and column
chromatographic techniques for molar mass, chemical composition and
microstructure, as well as the combination of different
fractionations in multidimensional experimental setups. This book
also includes basic information on the application of
high-temperature field-flow fractionation.
Organ-specific drug delivery is aimed at achieving increased
concentration of therapeutic molecules at target sites with minimum
side effects on other healthy tissues. Similarly, drug-specific
delivery to some vital organs, such as the brain, lungs, heart and
kidneys remains a challenging task for the formulation scientists.
Oral delivery of most of the commercially available life-saving
drugs has also been impeded by various physio-chemical and
biological barriers. These advancements in nanotechnology have led
to the development of various pharmaceutical nanocarriers.
Nanocarriers for Organ-Specific and Localized Drug Delivery
summarizes targeted drug delivery systems and approaches to the
major organs of the body. The book shows how drugs can be
specifically targeted to the pathological area within an organ in a
viable way. Employing pharmaceutical nanocarriers for drug delivery
targeted to specific organs of the body requires a comprehensive
knowledge of the disease site's pathophysiology as well as
physical, chemical and pharmaceutical techniques for modification
or functionalization of the nanocarriers. Combining theoretical
principles and practical applications of various nanocarriers for
organ-specific drug delivery, this is an important reference source
for all those seeking to increase their understanding of how
pharmaceutical nanocarriers are being used to create more efficient
drug delivery systems.
This book elucidates the peculiar phenomenon
of entropy/enthalpy compensation that takes place
in high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
of polymers. Numerous publications, including some books, are
devoted to molecular characterization of synthetic
polymers, materials presently produced in large and steadily
growing quantities, applying methods of HPLC. A knowledge
of the molecular characteristics of polymers is
indispensable, not only for their proper applications
but also for their recycling and
remediation. Polymer scientists generally focus
on synthesis and potential applications of polymers
while not giving due attention to an important central link,
their comprehensive characterization in context
of development of structure-property correlations. To
fill this gap is one of the aims
of the present book. The process
of entropy/enthalpy compensation plays a decisive role in
the advanced method of polymer characterization such as
liquid chromatography at critical conditions, eluent gradient
interaction chromatography, and temperature gradient interaction
chromatography. All chemists working on any aspect of polymer
science will find this book a valuable resource for the development
of structure-property correlations.
Molecular Characterization of Polymers presents a range of advanced
and cutting-edge methods for the characterization of polymers at
the molecular level, guiding the reader through theory,
fundamentals, instrumentation, and applications, and supporting the
end goal of efficient material selection and improved material
performance. Each chapter focuses on a specific technique or family
of techniques, including the different areas of chromatography,
field flow fractionation, long chain branching, static and dynamic
light scattering, mass spectrometry, NMR, X-Ray and neutron
scattering, polymer dilute solution viscometry, microscopy, and
vibrational spectroscopy. In each case, in-depth coverage explains
how to successfully implement and utilize the technique. This
practical resource is highly valuable to researchers and advanced
students in polymer science, materials science, and engineering,
and to those from other disciplines and industries who are
unfamiliar with polymer characterization techniques.
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