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With the growingubiquity of computing systems it is essentialthat
we canplace reliance on the services they deliver. This is
particularly obvious and important in areas like aircraft avionics,
global ?nancial transaction processing, or nuclear power plant
control where human lives or large ?nancial values are at stake.
But also the worldwide daily nuisances of computer viruses or data
corruptions caused by crashing operating systems collectively
impose high costs on society, which are beginning to become
economically relevant. Within computer science, the
termdependability has been introduced as a general term to cover
all critical quality aspects of computing systems. Foll- ing the
terminology of Laprie [26, 293], a system is dependable if trust
can justi?ably be placed in the service it delivers (we will de?ne
dependability and related terms more precisely later in this book).
In the early days of computer science, researchers thought
thatprogram correctness was the key to depe- ability meaning that a
programalways terminates and satis?es its postcondition if it is
started in a state where its precondition holds. Today we knowthat
many other factors in?uence the well-functioning of a computer
system. Examples of these factors are: - Hardware reliability: The
occurrence of hardware faults, which cannot be neglected in
critical systems. - Non-functional properties: The
growingimportance of properties which c- not be expressed so easily
as pre- and postconditions. As an example, c- sider the performance
requirement that the averageresponse time should be below some
value.
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