Stem cell based therapy is a 21st century approach of therapeutic intervention which epitomizes a shift from conventional symptomatic treatment strategy to addressing the root cause of the disease process. This is especially a hope for the patients suffering from diseases such as Alzheimer, diabetes, myocardial infarction and other diseases which have always been considered as incurable. Moreover, stem cells provide excellent in vitro disease models for drug development. This book is a compilation of the bench experience of experts from various research labs involved in the cutting edge area of research, describing the use of stem cells both as part of the combinatorial therapeutic intervention approach and as tools (disease model) during drug development.

This book provides a compact knowledge about practical applications of bioinformatic approaches to understand the structure and function of a protein- Rhodesian which is found in visual pigment of eye and responsible for controlling night vision. Its structure has been predicted by comparative homology modelling and model evaluation through various tools. The electron density maps of retinal isomers and structure of rhodopsin intermediates were analyzed by structure superimposition. On the basis of structural analysis of thirteen mutations for Autosomal Dominant Retinitis Pigmentosa, one of the missense mutation has been targeted to propose a drug to cure night blindness. The molecular docking technique has also been used to predict ligand interactions with rhodopsin. It is hoped that this will provide new insights into structural and functional exploration of proteins which will be helpful in understanding various vital phenomena like protein activation and inhibition, drug interactions and protein signaling.

Digital technology and computers enabled the design of more flexible automation systems. Robots are becoming more and more flexible with progress in technology and programming techniques. The project is about controlling the industrial robotic arm via non-contact sensors. The project consists of three main parts; console box, control circuitry and robotic arm. Five PIC micro-controllers connected on an I2C network are used. Micro-controllers take the analog data from all sensors which are mounted on console box, convert it into digital form via built in ADC modules, process the data and convert it into x, y, and z coordinates of the hand. After that it uses inverse kinematics equation to find out the parameters of motors on the robotic arm. Using angle/voltage transfer function a corresponding pulse width modulated signal is sent to the H-bridge circuits to control the motion of robotic arm.

Lafcadia is the leader of a group of warriors hired by a local lord to enforce his rule among the people. When he is ordered to punish a village that has failed to pay tribute, Lafcadia renounces his violent ways and sets off on a journey to the mountain village in which he was born. The lord then dispatches Biswas, Lafcadia's second-in-command, to track-down the former warrior and punish his betrayal with death.