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The data about the major causes of hypertension of approximately
one hundred patients of hypertension was collected by interviewing
them at Sughra Shafih Medical Complex, Narowal. The data had been
analysed to determine the relative occurrence and incidence of
hypertension and effects of various causes. The analysis shows that
hypertensive patients were more prevalent (60%, n=60/100), and non
hypertensive patients were less prevalent (40%, n=40/100). The
prevalence of hypertension was more in females (64.00%) as compared
to males (34.00%). The major risk factors of hypertension were
diabetes, obesity and over weight, tension, smoking. Some females
were hypertensive during pregnancy. High cholesterol level also
contributes to hypertension. In our sample out of hypertensive
patients 42% were diabetic, 25% were obese, 10% were smokers, 16.6%
were hypertensive because to tension and 7% females were
hypertensive during pregnancy. Known as "the silent killer," it may
exist for prolonged periods in the individual without symptoms and
may manifest only after causing serious irreversible pathology and
complications.
The design of bridges is a unique art as they are expected to carry
moving loads compared to the statically loaded structures. Mere
training in code procedures and special design skills are
inadequate for successful professional practice. Thorough
understanding of basic concepts and response characteristics of
various structural elements is necessary for professional bridge
designers. This book encompasses the manual and computer aided
design of prestressed concrete bridges. Besides explaining the
detailed design procedures for designing various components of
prestressed concrete girder bridge; this book also focuses on the
basic concepts and definitions of various bridge components. The
theory of prestressing with its merits and demerits is also
discussed in detail. The manual design procedure of different
members of prestressed concrete bridges is explained in a
comprehensive and step-by-step manner. Illustrations are used to
explain the computer aided design method. The design and analysis
results are compared in the end and discussions are made in order
to explain the reasons for possible discrepancies.
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