Effects of various gamma rays i.e. .5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5 kard were observed on the various genetic parameters of sunflower (Helianthus annus L.). The difference in mean value due to radiation doses were highly significant for radical length, plumule length, number of roots and dry weight, while significant in Germination percentage and Diameter of epicotyls. While the time of germination fresh weight and moisture content percentage were insignificant. The differences in mean values due to replications shows highly significance for plumb length, while germination percentage, diameter of epicotyls, radical length fresh and dry weight were significant and the number of roots, time of germination and moisture contents percentage were insignificants.

Inflammation of liver is usually referred as Hepatitis which may be caused because of different viruses, bacteria or drugs etc. Hepatitis is one of the most 10 reportable diseases in Pakistan. The World Health Organization (WHO,2005) has estimated that 10 million people are suffering from Hepatitis in Pakistan. Unsafe drinking water, unscreened blood transfusion and the rampant use of used syringes have spread hepatitis, making it one of the biggest concerns for the country's health managers. Millions of Pakistanis have been infected with the deadly virus, but no public department or agency has accurate information about the number positive cases. Health professionals and government officials give conflicting statements about the prevalence rate of Hepatitis C and its probable causes in socio- economic scinerio in the country which laid down the objective of this study.