The millimetre-wavelength region of the electromagnetic spectrum is increasingly exploited for a wide range of commercial, industrial, and military applications. Conventionally, this region is considered as lying "above" microwaves and "below" the infrared. Hence, in practice, millimetre-wave scientists have tended to pick and mix useful techniques on an empirical basis from both these areas. Millimetre-Wave Optics, Devices and Systems describes the fundamental physics of the quasi-optical techniques, devices, and system design for instruments processing millimetre-wave signals. Relevant ideas from Gaussian beam mode theory and antenna and transmission line theory are brought together to show the underlying unity of optics and electronics. Aimed at advanced undergraduates and postgraduates as well as millimetre-wave, laser optics, antenna, and microwave engineers, this book will also be of interest to manufacturers of millimetre-wave and microwave equipment.

The millimetre-wavelength region of the electromagnetic spectrum is increasingly exploited for a wide range of commercial, industrial, and military applications. Conventionally, this region is considered as lying "above" microwaves and "below" the infrared. Hence, in practice, millimetre-wave scientists have tended to pick and mix useful techniques on an empirical basis from both these areas.
Millimetre-Wave Optics, Devices and Systems describes the fundamental physics of the quasi-optical techniques, devices, and system design for instruments processing millimetre-wave signals. Relevant ideas from Gaussian beam mode theory and antenna and transmission line theory are brought together to show the underlying unity of optics and electronics. Aimed at advanced undergraduates and postgraduates as well as millimetre-wave, laser optics, antenna, and microwave engineers, this book will also be of interest to manufacturers of millimetre-wave and microwave equipment.

Environmental Chemistry is a relatively young science. Interest in this subject, however, is growing very rapidly and, although no agreement has been reached as yet about the exact content and limits of this interdisciplinary discipline, there appears to be increasing interest in seeing environmental topics which are based on chemistry embodied in this subject. One of the first objectives of Environmental Chemistry must be the study of the environment and of natural chemical processes which occur in the environment. A major purpose ofthis series on Environmental Chemistry, therefore, is to present a reasonably uniform view of various aspects of the chemistry of the environ ment and chemical reactions occurring in the environment. The industrial activities of man have given a new dimension to Environ mental Chemistry. We have now synthesized and described over 'five million chemical compounds and chemical industry produces about hundred and fifty million tons of synthetic chemicals annually. We ship billions of tons of oil per year and through mining operations and other geophysical modifications, large quantities of inorganic and organic materials are released from their natural deposits. Cities and metropolitan areas ofup to 15 million inhabitants produce large quantities ofwaste in relatively small and confined areas. Much of the chemical products and waste products of modern society are released into the environment either during production, storage, transport, use or ultimate disposal. These released materials participate in natural cycles and reactions and frequently lead to interference and disturbance of natural systems.

William Wrede was among the first to recognise the creative contribution of the Gospel writers. His work thus laid the foundation for the work of the Form Critics, Redaction Critics and Literary Critics whose scholarship dominated New Testament studies during the twentieth century. This highly influential work was throughout this period the departure point for all studies in the Gospel of Mark and in the literary methods of the evangelists. It remains highly relevant for its ground-breaking approach to the classically complicated question of whether Jesus saw himself and represented himself as the Messiah.

Information technology is arguably the most important scientific topic needed for understanding and participating in our increasingly complex technological world. Using simple physical arguments and extensive examples, Information and Measurement, Second Edition shows how this theory can be put into practice. Twice awarded the UK National Metrology Prize by the National Physical Laboratory for his outstanding contributions to measurement science and technology, the author includes the basic mathematical, physical, and engineering concepts required, illustrating their interrelationship in a clear, concise manner. The broad coverage includes topics taught in a variety of courses.
This book will be an invaluable study aid for senior undergraduate and graduate students in physics, electrical engineering, and computer science, specifically studying instrumentation, measurement science, and information science. It will also be a useful reference for practicing scientists and engineers.

The rare earths represent a group of chemical elements, the lanthanides, together with scandium and yttrium, which exhibit similar chemical properties. They are strategically important to developed and developing nations because they have several applications in catalysis, the defense industry, aerospace, the materials and life sciences and in sustainable energy technologies.

The "Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of the Rare Earths" is a continuing authoritative series that deals with the science and technology of the rare earth elements in an integrated manner. Each chapter is a comprehensive, up-to-date, critical review of a particular segment of the field. The work offers the researcher and graduate student a complete and thorough coverage of this fascinating field.
Individual chapters are comprehensive, broad, critical reviewsContributions are written by highly experienced, invited expertsGives an up-to-date overview of developments in the field

The rare earth elements form a fascinating group, resembling each other very closely in both physical and chemical properties. The close similarity of the behaviour of the elements led to difficulties in isolation of the elements in a state of high purity. Now that the separation and purification of these elements have been achieved, the chemistry and the industrial applications of the rare earth elements are drawing the attention of many scientists in the world, especially countries which possess vast reserves of rare earth minerals. Some of the applications of mixed rare earths are as metallurgical additives for ferrous and non-ferrous metals, fluid cracking catalysts, lighter flints, polishing compounds in glasses, carbon arc cores for lighting and hydrogen absorbing alloys for rechargeable batteries. Some of the salient applications of high-purity rare earth elements are cathode ray tubes, automotive catalytic converters, permanent magnets in computer technology and sound systems, lasers, phosphors, electric motors, optical fibres, and possible future applications such as in coloured pigments for plastics and paints, new catalysts, refrigeration systems and solid oxide fuel cells.

In order to use rare earths successfully in various applications, a good understanding of the chemistry of these elements is of paramount importance. Nearly three to four decades have passed since titles such as The Rare Earths edited by F.H. Spedding and A.H. Daane, The chemistry of the Rare Earth Elements by N.E. Topp and Complexes of the Rare Earths by S.P. Sinha were published. There have been many international conferences and symposia on rare earths, as well as the series of volumes entitledHandbook of Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths edited by K.A. Gschneidner and L. Eyring. Thus, there is a need for a new title covering modern aspects of rare earth complexes along with the applications.

The present title consists of twelve chapters. The first chapter is an introduction covering definition, classification, properties, world reserves, methods of processing from ores, methods of separation both classical and modern, and analytical chemistry of rare earths, including classical and modern methods.

The second chapter deals with quantum chemical considerations, s, p, d and f orbitals, electronic configurations, Pauli's principle, spin-orbit coupling and levels, energy level diagrams, Hund's rules, Racah parameters, oxidation states, HSAB principle, coordination number, lanthanide contraction, interconfiguration fluctuations. This is followed by a chapter dealing with methods of determination of stability constants, stability constants of complexes, thermodynamic consideration, double-double effect, inclined w plot, applications of stability constant data.

The fourth chapter deals with complexes of rare earth elements with a variety of complexing agents, such as monocarboxylic acids, dicarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids like citric, nitrilotriacetic, ethylenediamine tetraacetic; beta diketones, ligands with nitrogen donors, macrocyclic ligands, ligands with sulphur donors, phosphines, cyanate, thiocyanate, selenocyanate, perchlorate, decaborates, acyclic and macrocyclic Schiff's bases, carboranes, selenides and tellurides.

Structural chemistry of lanthanide complexes dealing with low coordination numbers, 6-, -7 and -8 coordination, dodecahedra, square antiprisms, hexagonal bipyramids, cubes and other structures, 9-coordination, high coordination numbers and organometallic structures is discussed in the fifth chapter.

Organometallic complexes such as tris, bis and monocylopentadienyl complexes, cyclooctatetraenyl complexes, cyclopentadienyl-cyclooctatetraenyl complexes, indenyl complexes, fluorenyl complexes, complexes with other aromatic _ ligands, callixerene complexes, NMR spectroscopy of organometallic complexes, vibrational spectra, and catalytic applications form the theme of the sixth chapter.

Kinetics and mechanisms complex formation involving rate expressions, rate laws, dissociative and associative pathways, techniques used in probing reaction mechanisms, crystal field effects are discussed in the following chapter.

Crystal field theory, intensities of 4f-4f transitions, Judd-Ofelt theory of electric-dipole transitions, covalency model of hypersensitivity, dynamic coupling mechanism, solution spectra, spectral data for complexes, solvent effects, fluorescence and photochemistry of lanthanide complexes are dealt with in spectroscopy of lanthanide complexes.

Photoelectron spectroscopy of rare earths involving typical spectra, core levels, splitting due to exchange, spin-orbit coupling, binding energies, states arising due to ionization of fn configuration, interconfiguration fluctuation and surface oxidation phenomena are discussed in the next chapter. The following chapter deals with the important topic of lanthanide NMR shift reagents and their applications in elucidating structures. The penultimate topic deals with ecological, physiological and environmental aspects along withsome interesting biological applications.

In the final chapter, applications such as in metallurgy of steels, corrosion inhibition, catalysis, paints, cinema arc carbon and search light electrodes, polishing powders in optics, permanent magnets, ceramic superconductors, lasers, garnet films for magnetic bubble memory applications, nuclear applications, x-ray phosphors for medical radiology, fiber optics, photonics, electronics, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) high-tech applications and fuel cells are elucidated.

The authors studied in schools headed by pioneers in rare earth chemistry, have a combined experience of one hundred and fifty years in inorganic chemistry, rare earth complex chemistry, nuclear and radiochemistry of rare earths and supramolecular chemistry. The present monograph is a product of this rich experience.

Title: The seventh census.Author: Kennedy, J. C. G. (Joseph Camp Griffith)Publisher: Gale, Sabin Americana Description: Based on Joseph Sabin's famed bibliography, Bibliotheca Americana, Sabin Americana, 1500--1926 contains a collection of books, pamphlets, serials and other works about the Americas, from the time of their discovery to the early 1900s. Sabin Americana is rich in original accounts of discovery and exploration, pioneering and westward expansion, the U.S. Civil War and other military actions, Native Americans, slavery and abolition, religious history and more.Sabin Americana offers an up-close perspective on life in the western hemisphere, encompassing the arrival of the Europeans on the shores of North America in the late 15th century to the first decades of the 20th century. Covering a span of over 400 years in North, Central and South America as well as the Caribbean, this collection highlights the society, politics, religious beliefs, culture, contemporary opinions and momentous events of the time. It provides access to documents from an assortment of genres, sermons, political tracts, newspapers, books, pamphlets, maps, legislation, literature and more.Now for the first time, these high-quality digital scans of original works are available via print-on-demand, making them readily accessible to libraries, students, independent scholars, and readers of all ages.++++The below data was compiled from various identification fields in the bibliographic record of this title. This data is provided as an additional tool in helping to insure edition identification: ++++SourceLibrary: Huntington LibraryDocumentID: SABCP05244600CollectionID: CTRG05-B10074PublicationDate: 18530101SourceBibCitation: Selected Americana from Sabin's Dictionary of books relating to AmericaNotes: Collation: 160 p.; 24 cm

This continuing authoritative series deals with the chemistry, materials science, physics and technology of the rare earth elements in an integrated manner. Each chapter is a comprehensive, up-to-date, critical review of a particular segment of the field. The work offers the researcher and graduate student a complete and thorough coverage of this fascinating field.
AuthoritativeComprehensiveUp-to-dateCritical

Title: Agriculture of the United States in 1860: compiled from the original returns of the eighth census, under the direction of the secretary of the interior.Author: Kennedy, J. C. G. (Joseph Camp Griffith)Publisher: Gale, Sabin Americana Description: Based on Joseph Sabin's famed bibliography, Bibliotheca Americana, Sabin Americana, 1500--1926 contains a collection of books, pamphlets, serials and other works about the Americas, from the time of their discovery to the early 1900s. Sabin Americana is rich in original accounts of discovery and exploration, pioneering and westward expansion, the U.S. Civil War and other military actions, Native Americans, slavery and abolition, religious history and more.Sabin Americana offers an up-close perspective on life in the western hemisphere, encompassing the arrival of the Europeans on the shores of North America in the late 15th century to the first decades of the 20th century. Covering a span of over 400 years in North, Central and South America as well as the Caribbean, this collection highlights the society, politics, religious beliefs, culture, contemporary opinions and momentous events of the time. It provides access to documents from an assortment of genres, sermons, political tracts, newspapers, books, pamphlets, maps, legislation, literature and more.Now for the first time, these high-quality digital scans of original works are available via print-on-demand, making them readily accessible to libraries, students, independent scholars, and readers of all ages.++++The below data was compiled from various identification fields in the bibliographic record of this title. This data is provided as an additional tool in helping to insure edition identification: ++++SourceLibrary: Huntington LibraryDocumentID: SABCP01783800CollectionID: CTRG95-B3786PublicationDate: 18640101SourceBibCitation: Selected Americana from Sabin's Dictionary of books relating to AmericaNotes: Chiefly statistical tables. Includes index.Collation: clxxii, 292 p.; 28 cm

This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book.

Title: Preliminary report on the eighth census, 1860.Author: Kennedy, J. C. G. (Joseph Camp Griffith)Publisher: Gale, Sabin Americana Description: Based on Joseph Sabin's famed bibliography, Bibliotheca Americana, Sabin Americana, 1500--1926 contains a collection of books, pamphlets, serials and other works about the Americas, from the time of their discovery to the early 1900s. Sabin Americana is rich in original accounts of discovery and exploration, pioneering and westward expansion, the U.S. Civil War and other military actions, Native Americans, slavery and abolition, religious history and more.Sabin Americana offers an up-close perspective on life in the western hemisphere, encompassing the arrival of the Europeans on the shores of North America in the late 15th century to the first decades of the 20th century. Covering a span of over 400 years in North, Central and South America as well as the Caribbean, this collection highlights the society, politics, religious beliefs, culture, contemporary opinions and momentous events of the time. It provides access to documents from an assortment of genres, sermons, political tracts, newspapers, books, pamphlets, maps, legislation, literature and more.Now for the first time, these high-quality digital scans of original works are available via print-on-demand, making them readily accessible to libraries, students, independent scholars, and readers of all ages.++++The below data was compiled from various identification fields in the bibliographic record of this title. This data is provided as an additional tool in helping to insure edition identification: ++++SourceLibrary: Huntington LibraryDocumentID: SABCP01785600CollectionID: CTRG95-B3790PublicationDate: 18620101SourceBibCitation: Selected Americana from Sabin's Dictionary of books relating to AmericaNotes: At head of title: 37th Congress, 2d Session. House of Representatives. Ex. Doc. No. 116. Includes statistical tables.Collation: xvi, 294 p

Title: Population of the United States in 1860.Author: Kennedy, J. C. G. (Joseph Camp Griffith)Publisher: Gale, Sabin Americana Description: Based on Joseph Sabin's famed bibliography, Bibliotheca Americana, Sabin Americana, 1500--1926 contains a collection of books, pamphlets, serials and other works about the Americas, from the time of their discovery to the early 1900s. Sabin Americana is rich in original accounts of discovery and exploration, pioneering and westward expansion, the U.S. Civil War and other military actions, Native Americans, slavery and abolition, religious history and more.Sabin Americana offers an up-close perspective on life in the western hemisphere, encompassing the arrival of the Europeans on the shores of North America in the late 15th century to the first decades of the 20th century. Covering a span of over 400 years in North, Central and South America as well as the Caribbean, this collection highlights the society, politics, religious beliefs, culture, contemporary opinions and momentous events of the time. It provides access to documents from an assortment of genres, sermons, political tracts, newspapers, books, pamphlets, maps, legislation, literature and more.Now for the first time, these high-quality digital scans of original works are available via print-on-demand, making them readily accessible to libraries, students, independent scholars, and readers of all ages.++++The below data was compiled from various identification fields in the bibliographic record of this title. This data is provided as an additional tool in helping to insure edition identification: ++++SourceLibrary: Huntington LibraryDocumentID: SABCP01768200CollectionID: CTRG95-B3896PublicationDate: 18640101SourceBibCitation: Selected Americana from Sabin's Dictionary of books relating to AmericaNotes: Chiefly statistical tables. Includes index.Collation: cvii, 694 p.; 31 cm