To write a handbook of methods is surely to invite criticism, as has already been said several times. On the other hand, there is a great need for methodological manuals in all fields of science. It was therefore decided to compile this book, written in good faith to help scientists, teachers and students who will, it is hoped, use it and judge it good. To be useful to the reader, such a manual must provide a broad review of the methods available and describe them in sufficient detail to permit preliminary selection and judgement. It has to give - at least for selected methods - a suffi ciently detailed description of the equipment and procedure as to be to some extent self-contained. It must assume a critical standpoint as regards the theoretical basis of the methods, the significance of results, and their errors and limitations. It must also furnish examples, pertinent numerical tables, and very complete references. All this and much more is expected of a good manual of methods."

The bibl iography includes papers in all f. ields of photosynthesis research - from stu- dies of rrDdel biochemical and biophysical systems of the photosynthesis mechanism to primary production studied by the so-cal led growth analysis. In addition to papers devoted entirely to photosynthesis, papers on other topics are included if they con- tain data on photosynthetic activity, photorespiration, chloroplast structure, chlo- rophyll and carotenoid synthesis and destruction, etc. , or if they contain valuable methodological information (measurement of selected environmental factors, leaf area, etc. ). In many branches it has been difficult to define the I imits of interest for photosynthesis researchers. This pl-oblem has arisen e. g. in topics deal ing with the transfer of gases, where - in addition to the papers on carbon dioxide transfer - so- me papers on water vapour transfer are included, these being of general appl ication or bringing new approaches. On the other hand, many papers deal ing with the anatomy and physiology of stomata have been omitted, if the aspect of carbon dioxide or water vapour exchange has not been discussed. This volume contains references to papers publ ished in the year 1979, and, similarly to Vol. 9, also addenda including references published in the preceding peri- od (-i. e. 1966 to 1(78), The numbers of these additional references are labelled with an asterisk (*) in the I ist of references.

The bibl iography includes papers in al I fields of photosynthesis research - from stu- dies of model biochemical and biophysical systems of the photosynthesis mechanism to primary production studied by the so-cal led growth analysis. In addition to papers devoted entirely to photosynthesis, papers on other topics are included if they con- tain data on photosynthetic activity, photorespiration, chloroplast structure, chlo- rophyl I and carotenoid synthesis and destruction, eta. , or if they contain valuable methodological information (measurement of selected environmental factors, leaf area, eta. ). In many branches it has been difficult to define the I imits of interest for photosynthesis researchers. This problem has arisen e. g. in topics deal ing with the transfer of gases, where - in addition to the papers on carbon dioxide transfer - so- me papers on water vapour transfer are included, these being of general appl ication or bringing new approaches. On the other hand, many papers deal ing with the anatomy and physiology of stomata have been omitted, if the aspect of carbon dioxide or water vapour exchange has not been discussed. This volume contains references to papers publ ished in the year 1978, and, similarly to Vol. 8, also addenda including references publ ished in the preceding peri- od (i. e. 1966 to 1977). The numbers of these additional references are labelled with an asterisk (*) in the I ist of references.

The bib I iography includes papers in alI fields of photosynthesis research - from stu- dies of model biochemical and biophysical systems of the photosynthesis mechanism to primary production studied by the so-cal led growth analysis. In addition to papers devoted entirely to photosynthesis, papers on other topics are included if they con- tain data on photosynthetic activity, photorespiration, chloroplast structure, chlo- rophyl I and carotenoid synthesis and destruction; etc. , or if they contain valuable methodo I og i ca I information (measurement of se I ected env i ronmenta I *factors, I eat area, etc. ). In many branches it has been very difficult to define the I imits of interest for photosynthesis researchers. This problem has arisen e. g. in topics dealing with the transport of gases, where- in addition to the papers on C0 transfer- some pa- 2 pers on water vapour transfer are included, these being of general application. On the other hand, many papers dealing with the anatomy and physiology of stomata have been omitted, if the aspect of carbon dioxide or water vapour exchange has not been discussed. This volume contains references to papers pub I ished in the year 1976, and, similarly to Vol. 6, also addenda including references pub I ished in the preceding period (i. e. 1966- 1975 ). The numbers of these additional references are label led with an asterisk in the I ist of references.

The bibl iography includes papers in al I fields of photosynthesis research - from stu- dies of model biochemical and biophysical systems of the photosynthesis mechanism to primary production studied by the so-called growth analysis. In addition to papers devoted entirely to photosynthesis, papers on other topics are included if they con- tain data on photosynthetic activity, photorespiration, chloroplast structure, chlo- rophyll and carotenoid synthesis and destruction, etc. , or if they contain valuable methodological information (measurement of selected environmental factors, leaf area, etc. ). In many branches it has been ver'y difficult to define the I imits of interest for photosynthesis researchers. This problem has arisen e. g. in topics deal ing with the transport of gases, where - in addition to the papers on CO transfer - some pa- 2 pers on water vapour transfer are included, these being of general appl ication. On the other hand, many papers deal ing with the anatomy and physiology of stomata have been omitted, if the aspect of carbon dioxide or water vapour exchange has not been discussed. Th i s vo I ume conta i ns references to papers pub I i shed in the year ,1975, and, simi larly to Vol. 5, also addenda including references publ ished in the preceding period (i. e. 1966 - 1974). The numbers of these additional references are label led with an asterisk in the I ist of references.

The bibliography includes papers in al I fields of photosynthesis research - from stu- dies of model biochemical and biophysical systems of the photosynthesis mechanism to primary production studied by the so-cal led growth analysis. In addition to papers devoted entirely'to photosynthesis, papers on other topics are included if they con- tain data on photosynthetic activity, photorespiration, chloroplast structure, chlo- rophyll and carotenoid synthesis and destruction, etc. " or if they contain valuable methodological information (measurement of selected environmental factors, leaf area, etc. ). In many branches it has been very difficult to define the I imits of interest for photosynthesis researchers. This problem has arisen e. g. in topics deal ing with the transport of gases, where - in addition to the papers on CO transfer - some pa- 2 pers on water vapour transfer are included, these being of general application. On the other hand, many papers deal ing with the anatomy and physiology of stomata have been omitted, if the aspect of carbon dioxide or water vapour 'exchange has not been discussed. This volume contains references to papers publiphed in the year 1974, and, simi larty to Vol. 4, also addenda inc~uding references publ ished in the preceding period (i. e. 1966 - 1973). The numbers of these additional references. are label led with an asterisk in the list of refe.

The bibl iography includes papers in al I fields of photosynthesis research - from stu- dies of model biochemical and biophysical systems of the photosynthesis mechanism to primary production studied by the so-cal led growth analysis. In addition to papers devoted entirely to photosynthesis, papers on other topics are included if they con- tain data on photosynthetic activity, photorespiration, chloroplast structure, chlo- rophyl I and carotenoid synthesis and destruction, etc. , or if they contain valuable methodological information (measurement of selected environmental factors, leaf area, etc. ). In many branches it has been very difficult to define the I imits of interest for photosynthesis researchers. This problem has arisen e. g. in topics deal ing with the transport of gases, where - in addition to the papers on CO transfer - some pa- 2 pers on water vapour transfer are included, these being of general appl ication. On the other hand, many papers deal ing with the anatomy and physiology of stomata have been omitted, if the aspect of carbon dioxide or water vapour exchange has not been discussed. This volume contains references to papers publ ished in the year 1973, and, simi larly to Vol. 3, also addenda including references publ ished in the preceding period (i. e. 1966 - 1972). The numbers of these additional references are label led with an asterisk in the list of references as wei I as in indexes.

The bibl iogra~hy includes papers i'n all fields of photosynthesis research, - from stu- dies of model biochemical and biophysical systems of the photosynthesis mech,anism to primary production studi'ed by the so-called growth analysis. In add,iti'on to papers devoted entirely to photosynthesis, papers on other topics are included if they con- tain data on photosynthetic activity, photorespiration, chloroplast structure, chlo- rophyll and carotenoid synthesis and destruction, etc. , or j'f tney contain valuaBle methodological information (measurement of selected environmental factors, leaf area, etc. ). In many branches i't has been very difHcult to define tne I imits of in- terest for photosynthesis researchers. This problem has arisen e. g. in topics deal- ing with the transport of gases, where - in addition to tee papers on C02 transfer some papers on water vapour transfer are i'ncluded, these being of general appl ication. On the other hand, many papers deal ing w'ith the anatomy and physiology of stomata have been omitted, if the aspect of carBon dioxide or water vapour exchange has not been discussed. This volume contains references to papers published in the year 1972, and, si- milarly to Vol . 2, also addenda including references published in the preceding pe- riod (i. e. 1966 - 1971). The numbers of these additional references are label led with an aster i sk in the list of references as we I I as in indexes.

It is generally accepted that photosynthesis, whereby solar is transformed into geobiochemical energy, is one of the most important processes in the bio sphere. When we realize that the human population, most of which is starving, wi I I double in 20-30 years, and that photosynthesis is in practice the only source (direct or indirect) of food not only for men, but for al I I iving beings, its im portance becomes even plainer. This fact was recognized from the outset of the International Biological Programme, when photosynthesis was selected as one of the principal problems to be concentrated on. The significance of the IBP in initiating a broader-based ap proach and worldwide collaboration need not be emphasized here; it is merely ne cessary to consider the rapid increase in the number of papers on photosynthesis since its inception. It is of fundamental importance for scientists working on photosynthesis to get information on what has been done in recent years in this discipl ine. Thus as complete as possible a bibl iography is badly needed. The complexity of this pro blem requires also that the progress of ecology, chemistry and physics, as far as they concern photosynthesis, be fol lowed. Such a bib I iography, covering at least the last ten years, wi I I be indispensable for final synthesis of the results of the IBP photosynthetic programme."

The bibl iography includes papers in all fields of photosynthesis research - from studies of model biochemical and biophysical systems of the photosynthetic mecha~ nism to primary production studied by the so-cal led growth analysis. In addition to papers devoted entirely to photosynthesis, papers on other topics are included if they contain data on photosynthetic activity, photorespiration, chloroplast structure, chlorophyll and carotenoid synthesis and destruction, etc. , or if they contain valuable methodological information (measurement of selected environmental factors, leaf area, etc. ). In many branches it has been difficult to define the I i- mits of interest for photosynthesis researchers. This problem has arisen e. g. in to- pics deal ing with the tranfer of gases, where - in addition to the papers on carbon dioxide transfer - some papers on water vapour transfer are included, these being of general appl ication or bringing new approaches. On the other hand, many papers deal ing with the anatomy and physiology of stomata have been omitted, if the aspect of carbon dioxide or water vapour exchange has not been discussed. This volume contains references to papers publ ished in the year 1982, and simi larly to preceding volumes also addenda including references publ ished in the preceding period (i. e. 1966 to 1981). The numbers of the additional references are labelled with an asterisk (*) in the I ist of references.

The bibi iograp hy includes papers in a l I fields of photosynthesis research - from stu- dies of model biochemical and biophysical systems of t he photosynt hes is mechanism to primary prod ucti on studied by t he so-ca Ile d growth analysis . In addition to papers devoted enti rel y to photosynth es is , papers on other topics are inc luded if t hey con- t ai n data on photosynthetic activity, photorespiration, chloroplast structure, chlo- rophylland carotenoid synthesi s and destruction , eta. , or if they conta in valuable methodological information (measurement of selected environmentaI factars , leaf area, eta. ) . In many branches it has been difficult to defi ne th e limits of int erest for photosynthesis researchers. This problem has arisen e. g. in topics deal ing with t he transfer of gases, where - in addition to t he papers on ca rbon dioxide transfe r - so- me pape rs on water vapour transfer are included , these being of general appl icat ion or bringing new approaches . On th e other hand, m any papers deal ing wit h the anatomy and phys io logy of stomata have been omitted , if the aspect of ca rbon dioxide or water vapour exchange has not been discussed.

The bi b I i ography i nc I udes papers in a I I f i eids of photosynthes i s resea rch - f rom stu- dies of model biochemical and biophysical systems of the photosynthesis mechanism to primary production studied by the so-ca I led growth analysis. In addition to papers devoted entirely to photosynthesis, papers on other topics are included if they con- tain data on photosynthetic activity, photorespiration, chloroplast structure, chlo- rophy I I and ca roteno i d synthes i sand destruct i on, etc. , or i f they conta i n va I uab I e methodological information (measurement of selected environmental factors, leaf area, etc. ). In many branches it has been difficult to define the limits of interest for photosynthesis researchers. This problem has arisen e. g. in topics deal ing with the transfer of gases, where - in addition to the papers on carbon dioxide transfer - so- me papers on water vapour transfer are included, these being of general appl ication or bringing new approaches. On the other hand, many papers deal ing with the anatomy and physiology of stomata have been omitted, if the aspect of carbon dioxide or water vapour exchange has not been discussed. This volume contains references to papers publ ished in the year 1980, and, similarly to Vol.

The bibi iography includes papers in al I fields of photosynthesis research - from stu- dies of model biochemical and biophysical systems of the photosynthesis mechanism to primary production studied by the so-called growth analysis. In addition to papers devoted entirely to photosynthesis, papers on other topics are included if they con- tain data on photosynthetic activity, photorespiration, chloroplast structure, chlo- rophyll and carotenoid synthesis and destruction, etc. , or if they contain valuable methodo I og i ca I i nformat i on (measu rement of se I ected env i ronmenta I factors, I eaf a rea, etc. ). In many branches it has been very difficult to define the limits of interest for photosynthesis researchers. This problem has arisen e. g. in topics deal ing with the transport of gases, where - in addition to the papers on CO transfer - some pa- 2 pers on water vapour transfer are included, these being of general appl ication. On the other hand, many papers deal ing with the anatomy and physiology of stomata have been omitted, if the aspect of carbon dioxide or water vapour exchange has not been discussed. This volume contains references to papers publ ished in the year 1977, and, simi larly to Vol. 7, also addenda including references publ ished in the preceding period (i. e. 1966 - 1976). The numbers of these additional references are labelied with an asterisk in the I ist of references.

The bib I iography includes papers in alI fields of photosynthesis researc- from studies of model biochemical and biophysical systems of the photosynthesis mechanism to primary production studied so-cal led growth analysis. In addition to papers devoted entirely to photosynthesis, papers on other topics are included if they contain data on photosynthetic activity, photorespiration, chloroplast structure, chlorophyl I and carotenoid synthesis and destruction, etc., or if they contain valuable methodological information (measurement of selected environmental factors, leaf area, etc. ). In many branches it has been very difficult to define the I imits of interest for photosynthesis researchers. This problem has arisen e. g. in topics dealing with the transport of gases, where - in addition to the papers on C0 transfer- some papers on water vapour transfer are included, these 2 being of general application. On the other hand, many papers dealing with the anatomy and physiology of stomata have been omitted, if the aspect of carbon dioxide or water vapour exchange has not been discussed. To maximize the value of the bibliography the references are arranged alpha betically by author's names, and each volume is provided with three indexes. The authors' index to this volume contains alI names of authors, co-authors and editors. The subject index covers only primary items chosen according to their inter est for photosynthesis researchers. In this volume its preparation was based on the paper titles, key words and abstracts."