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The last twenty years have witnessed an enormous development of
nuclear physics. A large number of data have accumulated and many
experimental facts are known. As the experimental techniques have
achieved greater and greater perfection, the theoretical analysis
and interpretation of these data have become correspondingly more
accurate and detailed. The development of nuclear physics has
depended on the development of physics as a whole. While there were
interesting speculations about nuclear constitution as early as
1922, it was impossible to make any quantitative theory of even the
simplest nucleus until the discovery of quantum mechanics on the
one hand, and the development of experimental methods sufficiently
sensitive to detect the presence of a neutral particle (the
neutron) on the other hand. The further development of our
understanding of the nucleus has depended, and still depends, on
the development of ever more powerful experimental techniques for
measuring nuclear properties and more powerful theoretical
techniques for correlating these properties. Practically every
"simple," "reasonable," and "plausible" assumption made in
theoretical nuclear physics has turned out to be in need of
refinement; and the numerous attempts to derive nuclear forces and
the properties of nuclei from a more" fundamental" approach than
the analysis of the data have proved unsuccessful so far. Nuclear
physics is by no means a finished edifice.
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