The best philosophy of science during the last generation has been highly historical; and the best history of science, highly philosophical. No one has better exemplified this intimate relationship between history and philosophy than has Robert E. Butts in his work. Through out his numerous writings, science, its philosophy, and its history have been treated as a seamless web. The result has been a body of work that is sensitive in its conception, ambitious in its scope, and illuminat ing in its execution. Not only has his work opened new paths of inquiry, but his enthusiasm for the discipline, his encouragement of others (particularly students and younger colleagues), and his tireless efforts to build an international community of scholars, have stimulated the growth of HPS throughout Europe and North America. Many of the essays in this volume reflect that influence. Our title, of course, is deliberately ambiguous. The essays herein are by colleagues and former students, all of us wishing to honour an intimate friend. Happy Birthday, Bob IX INTRODUCTION The essays herein cover a variety of concerns: from Descartes to reduction, from Galileo to gambling, from Freud's psychoanalysis to Kant's thing-in-itself. But under this diversity there is an approach common to them all. Things are largely done with a concern for and a sensitivity to historical matters (including contemporary history, of course)."

Cellulose: Molecular and Structural Biology is an up-to-date treatise on the most advanced and provocative research into the biosynthesis, structure, and applications of nature's most abundant macromolecule and renewable resource, cellulose. Molecular, biochemical, and evolutionary aspects of cellulose biosynthesis are reviewed in a variety of living organisms, including cyanobacteria, eubacteria, (Acetobacter, Salmonella, and E. coli), vascular plants (including Arabidopsis, forest trees, and maize), and tunicates. Phylogenetic analysis, molecular genetics, and the potential for metabolic engineering are also presented.

The idea to produce the current volume was conceived by Jiirgen Mittelstrass and Robert E. Butts in 1978. Idealist philosophers are wrong about one thing: the temporal gap separating idea and reality can be very long indeed - even ten or so years Problems of timing were joined by personal problems and by the pressure of other professional commitments. Fortunately, James Brown agreed to cooperate in the editing of the volume; the infusion of his usual energy, good judgement and good-natured promptness saved the volume and made its produc tion possible. Despite the delays, the messages of the papers included in the book have not gone stale. An extremely worthwhile exercise in international philosophical cooperation has come to fruition; the German constructivist philosophical position is here represented in papers in English that will make its contemporary importance available to a larger audience. The editors owe thanks to many persons. All involved in the project owe much to the interest and support of Nicholas Rescher, a friend of the undertaking from the time of its inception. My review of the translations was helped immensely by Andrea Purvis' careful copy editing of the typescript. Most of all, however, we owe gratitude and admiration for the tireless efforts on behalf of this enterprise to Jiirgen Mittelstrass."

The first volume of the series, on "The Stability of the Differentiated State" received many favorable reviews from the scientific community. Many readers seem to agree with us that publication of topical volumes is a worthwhile alternative to periodic compilations of rather unrelated, though up-to-date reviews. Production of topical volumes is however, plagued with one great difficulty, that of "author synchronization." This difficulty explains the lag between volumes 1 and 2 of the series. Nevertheless we hope that the present volume will be appreciated as a valuable source of information on its central topic: How do cell organelles originate, and what mechanisms assure their continuity? Tubingen, Berlin, Zurich, \V. BEERMANN, J. REINERT, H. URSPRUNG, Heidelberg H. -W. HA GENS Contents Assembly, Continuity, and Exchanges in Certain Cytoplasmic Membrane Systems by W. GORDON WHALEY, MARIANNE DAUWALDER, aud ]OYCE E. KEPHART 1 I. The Nature of the Membrane. . . . . . H. The Assembly of Membranes . . . . . . 5 III. The Growth and Transfer of Membranes. 6 A. The Nuclear Envelopc . . . 6 B. The Endoplasmic Reticulum 13 C. The Golgi Apparatus . 17 D. The Plasma Membrane 28 E. Vacuoles and Vesicles 31 IV. Concluding Remarks 37 References . . . . . 38 Origin and Continuity of Mitochondria by ROBERT BAXTER 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 H. Mitochondrial Biogenesis: thc Machincry 46 III. Limitations of Mitochondrial Autonomy 50 IV. The Replication of Mitochondria 53 V. Discussion and Conclusion 58 Referenccs . . . . . . . . . 59 Origin and Continuity of Plastids by \VILFRIED STUBBE 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 II. Arguments for the Continuity of Plastids ."

The modern theory of ferromagnetic magnetization processes has from the beginning recognized the importance of magnetoelastic inter actions. Most of the magnetoelastic calculations, however, have been basecl on the theory developed by R. BECKER and others in the early 1930's. That theory has several defects; how to remedy them is the subject of this monograph. I first became aware of the shortcomings of the traditional theory thru a critical study of electric and magnetic forces, which I undcrtook as a member of the COULOMB'S Law Committee of the American Asso ciation of Physics Teachers. My conclusions were published in 1951 in the American 10Z/rnal of Physics; an application of them to a problem in magnetostriction was published in 1953 in Reviews oflvlodern Physics. With the development, in 1956, of the "nucleation field" theory of micromagnetics, the need for a systematic and self-consistent theory of magnetoelastic interactions became more pressing. The traditional theory predicted that the nucleation field should differ negligibly from that of a rigid body; but my 1953 magnetostriction calculation suggested that terms omitted in that theory might be important. In the academic year 1963/64, 1 was finally able - thanks to a sabbatical furlough - to find the time needed for systematic development of a basic theory of magnetoelastic interactions in a ferromagnet.

The idea to produce the current volume was conceived by Jiirgen Mittelstrass and Robert E. Butts in 1978. Idealist philosophers are wrong about one thing: the temporal gap separating idea and reality can be very long indeed - even ten or so years Problems of timing were joined by personal problems and by the pressure of other professional commitments. Fortunately, James Brown agreed to cooperate in the editing of the volume; the infusion of his usual energy, good judgement and good-natured promptness saved the volume and made its produc tion possible. Despite the delays, the messages of the papers included in the book have not gone stale. An extremely worthwhile exercise in international philosophical cooperation has come to fruition; the German constructivist philosophical position is here represented in papers in English that will make its contemporary importance available to a larger audience. The editors owe thanks to many persons. All involved in the project owe much to the interest and support of Nicholas Rescher, a friend of the undertaking from the time of its inception. My review of the translations was helped immensely by Andrea Purvis' careful copy editing of the typescript. Most of all, however, we owe gratitude and admiration for the tireless efforts on behalf of this enterprise to Jiirgen Mittelstrass."

The best philosophy of science during the last generation has been highly historical; and the best history of science, highly philosophical. No one has better exemplified this intimate relationship between history and philosophy than has Robert E. Butts in his work. Through out his numerous writings, science, its philosophy, and its history have been treated as a seamless web. The result has been a body of work that is sensitive in its conception, ambitious in its scope, and illuminat ing in its execution. Not only has his work opened new paths of inquiry, but his enthusiasm for the discipline, his encouragement of others (particularly students and younger colleagues), and his tireless efforts to build an international community of scholars, have stimulated the growth of HPS throughout Europe and North America. Many of the essays in this volume reflect that influence. Our title, of course, is deliberately ambiguous. The essays herein are by colleagues and former students, all of us wishing to honour an intimate friend. Happy Birthday, Bob IX INTRODUCTION The essays herein cover a variety of concerns: from Descartes to reduction, from Galileo to gambling, from Freud's psychoanalysis to Kant's thing-in-itself. But under this diversity there is an approach common to them all. Things are largely done with a concern for and a sensitivity to historical matters (including contemporary history, of course)."

Anybody who is not shocked by quantum theory has not understood it. Niels Bohr's dictum bears witness to the bewildering impact of quantum theory, flying in the face of classical physics and dramatically transforming scientists' outlook on our relationship with the material world. In this book Paul Davies interviews eight physicists involved in debating and testing the theory, with radically different views of its significance.

Dwight C. Brown Jr., archivist emeritus of the Westerly Historical Society and author of several books and numerous articles on Westerly history, compiled "Leaves of My Journal" from a series of articles published in the Narragansett Weekly in 1861. The articles, written by the anonymous 'A. Whaler,' recount a two-year whaling voyage during the 1840s. With reference to his journal from the time, the author provides a first-hand account of a greenhorn's experiences on a whale ship sailing from New Bedford round Cape Horn to the Hawaiian Islands, Sea of Japan, Sea of Okhotsk, New Zealand, and homeward bound.

Clayborne Brown, Jr. is a man who has been there and done that for a number of years, he had been consumed by a desire for drugs that ruled and ruined his life. Then one day, he was led to a mission home that worked with him to get his life back. On top of that, he met the One who could meet his every need. The Bible teaches that 'If this Son set you free, you are free indeed." That day marks the beginning of his freedom. This poetry book is a Smorgasbord of poems for all occasions. Each poem will minister to you in a special way. The author's testimonies through his poetry ministry can help to inspire a positive change in your life.

This volume contains up-to-date addresses of some 70 Hungarian archives--national, county, religious, and special--as well as a listing of genealogical holdings of various archives as noted in the Guide to the Archives of Hungary published by the Archival Board of the Hungarian Ministry of Culture in 1976.

Clayborne Brown, Jr. is a man who has been there and done that. For a number of years, he has been consumed by a desire for drugs that ruled and ruined his life. Then one day, he was led to a mission home that worked with him to get his life back. On top of that, he met the One who could meet his every need. The Bible teaches, "If the Son sets you free, you are free indeed." That day marks the beginning of his freedom. This book serves as a "Life Jacket" for those who think they have strayed away too long and have fallen too deeply into sin. The author helps us to see that God is ready for us when we are ready for him.

This standard history of Bath County. Of greatest genealogical import are the chapters devoted to the names of heads of families in Bath in 1782, early marriage records, a roster of Confederate soldiers, and a list of families in Greater Bath.

Margaret Motes' third book derived from the 1850 census specifies about 2,600 persons of New England or Mid-Atlantic birth who were living in SouthCarolina in that census year, two-thirds of them from the Mid-Atlanticregion. She has arranged those findings in alphabetical order by surname.Each individual is identified by age, sex, occupation, country of birth,county of residence, and household enumeration number. The volume concludes with indexes to names, places, and occupation.