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Historians and archaeologists normally assume that the economies of
ancient Greece and Rome between about 1000 BC and AD 500 were
distinct from those of Egypt and the Near East. However, very
different kinds of evidence survive from each of these areas, and
specialists have, as a result, developed very different methods of
analysis for each region. This book marks the first time that
historians and archaeologists of Egypt, the Near East, Greece, and
Rome have come together with sociologists, political scientists,
and economists, to ask whether the differences between accounts of
these regions reflect real economic differences in the past, or are
merely a function of variations in the surviving evidence and the
intellectual traditions that have grown up around it. The
contributors describe the types of evidence available and
demonstrate the need for clearer thought about the relationships
between evidence and models in ancient economic history, laying the
foundations for a new comparative account of economic structures
and growth in the ancient Mediterranean world.
A major new economic history of the ancient Mediterranean world In
The Open Sea, J. G. Manning offers a major new history of economic
life in the Mediterranean world in the Iron Age, from Phoenician
trading down to the Hellenistic era and the beginning of Rome's
imperial supremacy. Drawing on a wide range of ancient sources and
the latest social theory, Manning suggests that a search for an
illusory single "ancient economy" has obscured the diversity of
lived experience in the Mediterranean world, including both changes
in political economies over time and differences in cultural
conceptions of property and money. At the same time, he shows how
the region's economies became increasingly interconnected during
this period. The Open Sea argues that the keys to understanding the
region's rapid social and economic change during the Iron Age are
the variety of economic and political solutions its different
cultures devised, the patterns of cross-cultural exchange, and the
sharp environmental contrasts between Egypt, the Near East, and
Greece and Rome. The book examines long-run drivers of change, such
as climate, together with the most important economic institutions
of the premodern Mediterranean--coinage, money, agriculture, and
private property. It also explores the role of economic growth,
states, and legal institutions in the region's various economies. A
groundbreaking economic history of the ancient Mediterranean world,
The Open Sea shows that the origins of the modern economy extend
far beyond Greece and Rome.
A major new economic history of the ancient Mediterranean world In
The Open Sea, J. G. Manning offers a major new history of economic
life in the Mediterranean world during the Iron Age, from
Phoenician trading down to the Hellenistic era and the beginning of
Rome's supremacy. Drawing on a wide range of ancient sources and
the latest social theory, Manning suggests that the search for an
illusory single ancient economy has obscured the diversity of the
Mediterranean world, including changes in political economies over
time and differences in cultural conceptions of property and money.
At the same time, this groundbreaking book shows how the region's
economies became increasingly interconnected during this period-and
why the origins of the modern economy extend far beyond Greece and
Rome.
First published in 1973 - and followed by Volume II in 1976 and
Volume III in 1980 - this anthology has assumed classic status in
the field of Egyptology and portrays the remarkable evolution of
the literary forms of one of the world's earliest civilizations.
Volume I outlines the early and gradual evolution of Egyptian
literary genres, including biographical and historical inscriptions
carved on stone, the various classes of literary works written with
pen on papyrus, and the mortuary literature that focuses on life
after death. It is introduced with a new foreword by Antonio
Lopriano. Volume II shows the culmination of these literary genres
within the single period known as the New Kingdom (1550-1080 B.C.).
It contains a new foreword by Hans-W. Fischer-Elfert. Volume III
spans the last millennium of Pharaonic civilization, from the tenth
century B.C. to the beginning of the Christian era. It features a
new foreword by Joseph G. Manning.
The history of Ptolemaic Egypt has usually been doubly
isolated--separated both from the history of other Hellenistic
states and from the history of ancient Egypt. "The Last Pharaohs,"
the first detailed history of Ptolemaic Egypt as a state, departs
radically from previous studies by putting the Ptolemaic state
firmly in the context of both Hellenistic and Egyptian history.
More broadly still, J. G. Manning examines the Ptolemaic dynasty in
the context of the study of authoritarian and premodern states,
shifting the focus of study away from modern European nation-states
and toward ancient Asian ones. By analyzing Ptolemaic reforms of
Egyptian economic and legal structures, "The Last Pharaohs" gauges
the impact of Ptolemaic rule on Egypt and the relationships that
the Ptolemaic kings formed with Egyptian society. Manning argues
that the Ptolemies sought to rule through--rather than
over--Egyptian society. He tells how the Ptolemies, adopting a
pharaonic model of governance, shaped Egyptian society and in turn
were shaped by it. Neither fully Greek nor wholly Egyptian, the
Ptolemaic state within its core Egyptian territory was a hybrid
that departed from but did not break with Egyptian history.
Integrating the latest research on archaeology, papyrology,
theories of the state, and legal history, as well as Hellenistic
and Egyptian history, "The Last Pharaohs" draws a dramatically new
picture of Egypt's last ancient state.
The study of ancient law has blossomed in recent years. In English
alone there have been dozens of studies devoted to classical Greek
and Roman law, to the Roman legal codes, and to the legal
traditions of the ancient Near East among many other topics. Legal
documents written on papyrus began to be published in some
abundance by the end of the nineteenth century; but even after
substantial publication history, legal papyri have not received due
attention from legal historians. This book blends the two usually
distinct juristic scholarly traditions, classical and
Egyptological, into a coherent presentation of the legal documents
from Egypt from the Ptolemaic to the late Byzantine periods, all
translated and accompanied by expert commentary. The volume will
serve as an introduction to the rich legal sources from Egypt in
the later phases of its ancient history as well as a tool to
compare legal documents from other cultures.
The study of ancient law has blossomed in recent years. In English
alone there have been dozens of studies devoted to classical Greek
and Roman law, to the Roman legal codes, and to the legal
traditions of the ancient Near East among many other topics. Legal
documents written on papyrus began to be published in some
abundance by the end of the nineteenth century; but even after
substantial publication history, legal papyri have not received due
attention from legal historians. This book blends the two usually
distinct juristic scholarly traditions, classical and
Egyptological, into a coherent presentation of the legal documents
from Egypt from the Ptolemaic to the late Byzantine periods, all
translated and accompanied by expert commentary. The volume will
serve as an introduction to the rich legal sources from Egypt in
the later phases of its ancient history as well as a tool to
compare legal documents from other cultures.
This history of land tenure under the Ptolemies explores the
relationship between the new Ptolemaic state and the ancient
traditions of landholding and tenure. Departing from the
traditional emphasis on the Fayyum, it offers a coherent framework
for understanding the structure of the Ptolemaic state, and thus of
the economy as a whole. Drawing on both Greek and demotic papyri,
as well as hieroglyphic inscriptions and theories taken from the
social sciences, Professor Manning argues that the traditional
central state 'despotic' model of the Egyptian economy is
insufficient. The result is a subtler picture of the complex
relationship between the demands of the new state and the ancient,
locally organized social structure of Egypt. By revealing the
dynamics between central and local power in Egypt, the book shows
that Ptolemaic economic power ultimately shaped Roman Egyptian
social and economic institutions.
By revealing the dynamics between central and local power in Egypt, Joe Manning demonstrates that Ptolemaic economic power ultimately shaped Roman Egyptian social and economic institutions. His book offers a framework for understanding the structure of the Ptolemaic state and economy, as well as the relationship between the new Ptolemaic economic institutions and the ancient Egyptian legal traditions of property rights. Historians of Egypt and the Hellenistic world will welcome the volume.
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