Monitoring and control of microstructure evolution in metal processing is essential in developing the right properties in a metal. Microstructure evolution in metal forming processes summarises the wealth of recent research on the mechanisms, modelling and control of microstructure evolution during metal forming processes.
Part one reviews the general principles involved in understanding and controlling microstructure evolution in metal forming. Techniques for modelling microstructure and optimising processes are explored, along with recrystallisation, grain growth, and severe plastic deformation. Microstructure evolution in the processing of steel is the focus of part two, which reviews the modelling of phase transformations in steel, unified constitutive equations and work hardening in microalloyed steels. Part three examines microstructure evolution in the processing of other metals, including ageing behaviour in the processing of aluminium and microstructure control in processing nickel, titanium and other special alloys.
With its distinguished editors and international team of expert contributors, Microstructure evolution in metal forming processes is an invaluable reference tool for metal processors and those using steels and other metals, as well as an essential guide for academics and students involved in fundamental metal research.
Summarises the wealth of recent research on the mechanisms, modelling and control of microstructure evolution during metal forming processesComprehensively discusses microstructure evolution in the processing of steel and reviews the modelling of phase transformations in steel, unified constitutive equations and work hardening in microalloyed steelsExamines microstructure evolution in the processing of other materials, including ageing behaviour in the processing of aluminium

In this classic work, noted political sociologist Juan Linz provides an unparalleled study of the nature of nondemocratic regimes. Linz's seminal analysis develops the fundamental distinction between totalitarian and authoritarian systems. It also presents a pathbreaking discussion of the personalistic, lawless, nonideological type of authoritarian rule that he calls (following Weber) the "sultanistic regime." The core of the book (including a 40-page bibliography) was published in 1975 as a chapter in the Handbook of Political Science, long out of print. The author has chosen not to change the original text for this new edition, but instead has added an extensive introduction reflecting on some of the contributions to the literature and the changes that have taken place in world politics and in the nature of regimes since the 1970s.

This is a guide to the experiences of economic reform since the Second World War and of system reform and economic integration across the world in the past decade. The first part of the book examines why only a small number of developing countries have succeeded in their modernization attempts this century. What lessons can be learned from the successes of the East Asian NIEs and failures of other economies to emulate them? The very different experiences of the transition to market economies in the former socialist countries of Eastern Europe and China is the focus of the next section, with comparisons drawn to the Latin American reform experience, especially in Chile. The effects of economic integration schemes are examined in the final section, with case-studies of Tunisia and Morocco's Free Trade Agreements with the EU, and economic integration and the Arab-Israeli peace process.

Political wisdom holds that the political boundaries of a state necessarily coincide with a nation's perceived cultural boundaries. Today, the sociocultural diversity of many polities renders this understanding obsolete. This volume provides the framework for the state-nation, a new paradigm that addresses the need within democratic nations to accommodate distinct ethnic and cultural groups within a country while maintaining national political coherence.

First introduced briefly in 1996 by Alfred Stepan and Juan J. Linz, the state-nation is a country with significant multicultural--even multinational--components that engenders strong identification and loyalty from its citizens. Here, Indian political scholar Yogendra Yadav joins Stepan and Linz to outline and develop the concept further. The core of the book documents how state-nation policies have helped craft multiple but complementary identities in India in contrast to nation-state policies in Sri Lanka, which contributed to polarized and warring identities. The authors support their argument with the results of some of the largest and most original surveys ever designed and employed for comparative political research. They include a chapter discussing why the U.S. constitutional model, often seen as the preferred template for all the world's federations, would have been particularly inappropriate for crafting democracy in politically robust multinational countries such as India or Spain. To expand the repertoire of how even unitary states can respond to territorially concentrated minorities with some secessionist desires, the authors develop a revised theory of federacy and show how such a formula helped craft the recent peace agreement in Aceh, Indonesia.

Empirically thorough and conceptually clear, "Crafting State-Nations" will have a substantial impact on the study of comparative political institutions and the conception and understanding of nationalism and democracy.

This brief describes the theory and evidence of a form of social control known as place management. Created by property owners, place management is an alternative to the two other domains of social control: formally created by the state and informally created by residents. It helps explain the high concentration of crime and disorder at a relatively small proportion of addresses and facilities. This volume examines the specifics of place management and extends it in three ways: to show how high crime places may radiate crime into their surroundings; to reveal networks of places that create crime hotspot spanning blocks; to demonstrate how networks of place managers influence crime throughout neighborhoods. Finally, it shows that the policy implications of place management extend far beyond the police and should include regulatory policies.

Since their classic volume The Breakdown of Democratic Regimes was published in 1978, Juan J. Linz and Alfred Stepan have increasingly focused on the questions of how, in the modern world, nondemocratic regimes can be eroded and democratic regimes crafted. In Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation, they break new ground in numerous areas. They reconceptualize the major types of modern nondemocratic regimes and point out for each type the available paths to democratic transition and the tasks of democratic consolidation. They argue that, although "nation-state" and "democracy" often have conflicting logics, multiple and complementary political identities are feasible under a common roof of state-guaranteed rights. They also illustrate how, without an effective state, there can be neither effective citizenship nor successful privatization. Further, they provide criteria and evidence for politicians and scholars alike to distinguish between democratic consolidation and pseudo-democratization, and they present conceptually driven survey data for the fourteen countries studied.

Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation contains the first systematic comparative analysis of the process of democratic consolidation in southern Europe and the southern cone of South America, and it is the first book to ground post-Communist Europe within the literature of comparative politics and democratic theory.

"This is an important volume by two major scholars on a central topic -- one of broad interest to people in comparative politics, to those interested in democracy, and to regional specialists on Southern Latin America and on Central and Eastern Europe. The book willunquestionably be a major contribution to the literature on constructing democratic governance." -- Abraham F. Lowenthal, University of Southern California

A comprehensive resource that provides the basic concepts of electric power systems, microeconomics, and optimization techniques Electricity Markets: Theories and Applications offers students and practitioners a clear understanding of the fundamental concepts of the economic theories, particularly microeconomic theories, as well as information on some advanced optimization methods of electricity markets. The authors--noted experts in the field--cover the basic drivers for the transformation of the electricity industry in both the United States and around the world and discuss the fundamentals of power system operation, electricity market design and structures, and electricity market operations. The text also explores advanced topics of power system operations and electricity market design and structure including zonal versus nodal pricing, market performance and market power issues, transmission pricing, and the emerging problems electricity markets face in smart grid and micro-grid environments. The authors also examine system planning under the context of electricity market regime. They explain the new ways to solve problems with the tremendous amount of economic data related to power systems that is now available. This important resource: Introduces fundamental economic concepts necessary to understand the operations and functions of electricity markets Presents basic characteristics of power systems and physical laws governing operation Includes mathematical optimization methods related to electricity markets and their applications to practical market clearing issues Electricity Markets: Theories and Applications is an authoritative text that explores the basic concepts of the economic theories and key information on advanced optimization methods of electricity markets.

The fate of democratic governments throughout the world is a topic of growing concern. The crises of modern history, from the Machtegreifung by Hitler through the downfall of the Allende government in Chile, have caused many to suspect an inevitable downfall of democracies. In a systematic review of the political experiences of Latin American and European democratic nations, these original, thought-provoking books propose a significant new comparative framework for understanding the dynamics of political change and the conditions necessary for democratic stability.

INDICE: 1. La politica de partidos y la crisis del presidencialismo en Chile: una propuesta para una forma parlamentaria de gobierno, por Arturo Valenzuela.- 2. Presidencialismo y estabilidad democratica en Uruguay, por Luis Eduardo Gonzalez y Charles Guy Gillespie.- 3. Brasil: hacia el parlamentarismo?, por Bolivar Lamounier.- 4. El presidencialismo y la politica colombiana, por Jonathan Hartlyn.- 5. Partidos debiles, politicos « indecisos y tension institucional: el presidencialismo en Ecuador, 1979-1988, por Catherine M. Conaghan.- 6. Presidentes, mesias y crisis constitucionales en Peru, por Cynthia McClintock.- 7. Venezuela: democratica a pesar del presidencialismo, por Michael Coppedge. Indice analitico.

The fate of democratic governments throughout the world is a topic of growing concern. The crises of modern history, from the Machtergreifung by Hitler through the downfall of democracies. In a systematic review of the political experiences of Latin American and European democratic nations, these original, thought-provoking books propose a significant new comparative framework for understanding the dynamics of political change and the conditions necessary for democratic stability.

Sultanistic regimes, as Juan Linz describes them, are authoritarian regimes based on personal ideology and personal favor to maintain the autocrat in power; there is little ideological basis for the rule except personal power. This volume of essays studies important sultantistic regimes in the Domanican Republic, Cuba, Haiti, Iran, and the Philippines. Part one contains two comparative essays, which discuss common characteristics of sultanistic regimes, compare them to totalitarian and authoritarian regimes, and trace common patterns for these regimes' rise and fall. Chehabi and Linz argue that sultanistic regimes do not offer favorable transitions to democracy, no matter what the person in power says. Part two applies Linz's model to country studies.

Facial expressions and animations are important aspects of the 3D environment featuring human characters. They are used in many kinds of applications, such as 3D games, interactive human/computer software, and movies. This book presents the recent developments of academic research for 3D facial modeling and animation. The technology includes: (1) a system for freely designing and creating detailed, dynamic, and animated facial expressions; (2) a novel approach for generating real-time vivid shedding tears; (3) a method for automatically placing bones on facial models to speed up the rigging process of a human face; (4) a new method to produce realistic expressions and animations by transferring an existing expression to a new facial model.

A guide to the experiences economic reform since the second world war, and system reform and economic integration across the world in the past decade. The first part of the book examines why only a small number of developing countries have succeeded in their modernization attempts this century. What lessons can be learnt from the successes of the East Asian NIEs and failures of other economies to emulate them? The very different experiences of the transition to market economies in the former socialist countries of Eastern Europe and China is the focus of the next section, with comparisons drawn with the Latin American reform experience, especially in Chile. The effects of economic integration schemes are examined in the final sector, with case-studies of Tunisia and Morocco's Free Trade Agreements with the EU, and of economic integration and the Arab-Israeli peace process.

INDICE: Prefacio.Parte I. Introduccion.- 1. Democracia presidencial o parlamentaria. Que diferencia implica?, por Juan J. LinzParte II. Perspectivas teoricas.- 2. Presidencialismo y democracia mayoritaria: Observaciones teoricas, por Arend Lijphart.- 3. Ni presidencialismo ni parlamentarismo, por Giovanni Sartori.- 4. Presidencialismo y parlamentarismo en perspectiva comparada, por Alfred Stepan y Cindy Skach.- 5. Presidencialismo y estabilidad politica en Francia, por Ezra N. Suleiman.Indice analitico.

"With a superb cast of contributors and a well-chosen sample of countries, "The Failure of Presidential Democracy" treats a central issue in the world today, as more and more countries try to construct durable democracies. It also reflects the new emphasis in political science on institutions, an area that has been sorely neglected in Latin American studies. Indeed, the book fills a huge informational and analytical gap on institutional arrangements in Latin American political systems. This is a stimulating, thoughtful, and relevant book--well suited to classroom use in courses on comparative politics and Latin American politics."--Paul W. Drake, University of California, San Diego.

"Complete Edition."

Trajectory-based ("Lagrangian") atmospheric transport and dispersion modeling has gained in popularity and sophistication over the previous several decades. It is common practice now for researchers around the world to apply Lagrangian models to a wide spectrum of issues. Lagrangian Modeling of the Atmosphere is a comprehensive volume that includes sections on Lagrangian modeling theory, model applications, and tests against observations. Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series. * Comprehensive coverage of trajectory-based atmospheric dispersion modeling * Important overview of a widely used modeling tool * Sections look at modeling theory, application of models, and tests against observations

Jane Jacobs coined the phrase 'eyes on the street' to depict those who maintain order in cities. Most criminologists assume these eyes belong to residents. In this Element we show that most of the eyes she described belonged to shopkeepers and property owners. They, along with governments, wield immense power through property ownership and regulation. From her work, we propose a Neo-Jacobian perspective to reframe how crime is connected to neighborhood function through deliberate decision-making at places. It advances three major turning points for criminology. This includes turns from: 1. residents to place managers as the primary source of informal social control; 2. ecological processes to outsiders' deliberate actions that create crime opportunities; and 3. a top-down macro- to bottom-up micro-spatial explanation of crime patterns. This perspective demonstrates the need for criminology to integrate further into economics, political science, urban planning, and history to improve crime control policies.