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Monitoring and control of microstructure evolution in metal
processing is essential in developing the right properties in a
metal. Microstructure evolution in metal forming processes
summarises the wealth of recent research on the mechanisms,
modelling and control of microstructure evolution during metal
forming processes.
Part one reviews the general principles involved in understanding
and controlling microstructure evolution in metal forming.
Techniques for modelling microstructure and optimising processes
are explored, along with recrystallisation, grain growth, and
severe plastic deformation. Microstructure evolution in the
processing of steel is the focus of part two, which reviews the
modelling of phase transformations in steel, unified constitutive
equations and work hardening in microalloyed steels. Part three
examines microstructure evolution in the processing of other
metals, including ageing behaviour in the processing of aluminium
and microstructure control in processing nickel, titanium and other
special alloys.
With its distinguished editors and international team of expert
contributors, Microstructure evolution in metal forming processes
is an invaluable reference tool for metal processors and those
using steels and other metals, as well as an essential guide for
academics and students involved in fundamental metal research.
Summarises the wealth of recent research on the mechanisms,
modelling and control of microstructure evolution during metal
forming processesComprehensively discusses microstructure evolution
in the processing of steel and reviews the modelling of phase
transformations in steel, unified constitutive equations and work
hardening in microalloyed steelsExamines microstructure evolution
in the processing of other materials, including ageing behaviour in
the processing of aluminium
In this classic work, noted political sociologist Juan Linz
provides an unparalleled study of the nature of nondemocratic
regimes. Linz's seminal analysis develops the fundamental
distinction between totalitarian and authoritarian systems. It also
presents a pathbreaking discussion of the personalistic, lawless,
nonideological type of authoritarian rule that he calls (following
Weber) the "sultanistic regime." The core of the book (including a
40-page bibliography) was published in 1975 as a chapter in the
Handbook of Political Science, long out of print. The author has
chosen not to change the original text for this new edition, but
instead has added an extensive introduction reflecting on some of
the contributions to the literature and the changes that have taken
place in world politics and in the nature of regimes since the
1970s.
This is a guide to the experiences of economic reform since the
Second World War and of system reform and economic integration
across the world in the past decade. The first part of the book
examines why only a small number of developing countries have
succeeded in their modernization attempts this century. What
lessons can be learned from the successes of the East Asian NIEs
and failures of other economies to emulate them? The very different
experiences of the transition to market economies in the former
socialist countries of Eastern Europe and China is the focus of the
next section, with comparisons drawn to the Latin American reform
experience, especially in Chile. The effects of economic
integration schemes are examined in the final section, with
case-studies of Tunisia and Morocco's Free Trade Agreements with
the EU, and economic integration and the Arab-Israeli peace
process.
Political wisdom holds that the political boundaries of a state
necessarily coincide with a nation's perceived cultural boundaries.
Today, the sociocultural diversity of many polities renders this
understanding obsolete. This volume provides the framework for the
state-nation, a new paradigm that addresses the need within
democratic nations to accommodate distinct ethnic and cultural
groups within a country while maintaining national political
coherence.
First introduced briefly in 1996 by Alfred Stepan and Juan J.
Linz, the state-nation is a country with significant
multicultural--even multinational--components that engenders strong
identification and loyalty from its citizens. Here, Indian
political scholar Yogendra Yadav joins Stepan and Linz to outline
and develop the concept further. The core of the book documents how
state-nation policies have helped craft multiple but complementary
identities in India in contrast to nation-state policies in Sri
Lanka, which contributed to polarized and warring identities. The
authors support their argument with the results of some of the
largest and most original surveys ever designed and employed for
comparative political research. They include a chapter discussing
why the U.S. constitutional model, often seen as the preferred
template for all the world's federations, would have been
particularly inappropriate for crafting democracy in politically
robust multinational countries such as India or Spain. To expand
the repertoire of how even unitary states can respond to
territorially concentrated minorities with some secessionist
desires, the authors develop a revised theory of federacy and show
how such a formula helped craft the recent peace agreement in Aceh,
Indonesia.
Empirically thorough and conceptually clear, "Crafting
State-Nations" will have a substantial impact on the study of
comparative political institutions and the conception and
understanding of nationalism and democracy.
This brief describes the theory and evidence of a form of social
control known as place management. Created by property owners,
place management is an alternative to the two other domains of
social control: formally created by the state and informally
created by residents. It helps explain the high concentration of
crime and disorder at a relatively small proportion of addresses
and facilities. This volume examines the specifics of place
management and extends it in three ways: to show how high crime
places may radiate crime into their surroundings; to reveal
networks of places that create crime hotspot spanning blocks; to
demonstrate how networks of place managers influence crime
throughout neighborhoods. Finally, it shows that the policy
implications of place management extend far beyond the police and
should include regulatory policies.
Since their classic volume The Breakdown of Democratic Regimes was
published in 1978, Juan J. Linz and Alfred Stepan have increasingly
focused on the questions of how, in the modern world, nondemocratic
regimes can be eroded and democratic regimes crafted. In Problems
of Democratic Transition and Consolidation, they break new ground
in numerous areas. They reconceptualize the major types of modern
nondemocratic regimes and point out for each type the available
paths to democratic transition and the tasks of democratic
consolidation. They argue that, although "nation-state" and
"democracy" often have conflicting logics, multiple and
complementary political identities are feasible under a common roof
of state-guaranteed rights. They also illustrate how, without an
effective state, there can be neither effective citizenship nor
successful privatization. Further, they provide criteria and
evidence for politicians and scholars alike to distinguish between
democratic consolidation and pseudo-democratization, and they
present conceptually driven survey data for the fourteen countries
studied.
Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation contains the
first systematic comparative analysis of the process of democratic
consolidation in southern Europe and the southern cone of South
America, and it is the first book to ground post-Communist Europe
within the literature of comparative politics and democratic
theory.
"This is an important volume by two major scholars on a central
topic -- one of broad interest to people in comparative politics,
to those interested in democracy, and to regional specialists on
Southern Latin America and on Central and Eastern Europe. The book
willunquestionably be a major contribution to the literature on
constructing democratic governance." -- Abraham F. Lowenthal,
University of Southern California
A comprehensive resource that provides the basic concepts of
electric power systems, microeconomics, and optimization techniques
Electricity Markets: Theories and Applications offers students and
practitioners a clear understanding of the fundamental concepts of
the economic theories, particularly microeconomic theories, as well
as information on some advanced optimization methods of electricity
markets. The authors--noted experts in the field--cover the basic
drivers for the transformation of the electricity industry in both
the United States and around the world and discuss the fundamentals
of power system operation, electricity market design and
structures, and electricity market operations. The text also
explores advanced topics of power system operations and electricity
market design and structure including zonal versus nodal pricing,
market performance and market power issues, transmission pricing,
and the emerging problems electricity markets face in smart grid
and micro-grid environments. The authors also examine system
planning under the context of electricity market regime. They
explain the new ways to solve problems with the tremendous amount
of economic data related to power systems that is now available.
This important resource: Introduces fundamental economic concepts
necessary to understand the operations and functions of electricity
markets Presents basic characteristics of power systems and
physical laws governing operation Includes mathematical
optimization methods related to electricity markets and their
applications to practical market clearing issues Electricity
Markets: Theories and Applications is an authoritative text that
explores the basic concepts of the economic theories and key
information on advanced optimization methods of electricity
markets.
The fate of democratic governments throughout the world is a topic
of growing concern. The crises of modern history, from the
Machtegreifung by Hitler through the downfall of the Allende
government in Chile, have caused many to suspect an inevitable
downfall of democracies. In a systematic review of the political
experiences of Latin American and European democratic nations,
these original, thought-provoking books propose a significant new
comparative framework for understanding the dynamics of political
change and the conditions necessary for democratic stability.
INDICE: 1. La politica de partidos y la crisis del presidencialismo
en Chile: una propuesta para una forma parlamentaria de gobierno,
por Arturo Valenzuela.- 2. Presidencialismo y estabilidad
democratica en Uruguay, por Luis Eduardo Gonzalez y Charles Guy
Gillespie.- 3. Brasil: hacia el parlamentarismo?, por Bolivar
Lamounier.- 4. El presidencialismo y la politica colombiana, por
Jonathan Hartlyn.- 5. Partidos debiles, politicos « indecisos y
tension institucional: el presidencialismo en Ecuador, 1979-1988,
por Catherine M. Conaghan.- 6. Presidentes, mesias y crisis
constitucionales en Peru, por Cynthia McClintock.- 7. Venezuela:
democratica a pesar del presidencialismo, por Michael Coppedge.
Indice analitico.
The fate of democratic governments throughout the world is a topic
of growing concern. The crises of modern history, from the
Machtergreifung by Hitler through the downfall of democracies. In a
systematic review of the political experiences of Latin American
and European democratic nations, these original, thought-provoking
books propose a significant new comparative framework for
understanding the dynamics of political change and the conditions
necessary for democratic stability.
Sultanistic regimes, as Juan Linz describes them, are
authoritarian regimes based on personal ideology and personal favor
to maintain the autocrat in power; there is little ideological
basis for the rule except personal power. This volume of essays
studies important sultantistic regimes in the Domanican Republic,
Cuba, Haiti, Iran, and the Philippines. Part one contains two
comparative essays, which discuss common characteristics of
sultanistic regimes, compare them to totalitarian and authoritarian
regimes, and trace common patterns for these regimes' rise and
fall. Chehabi and Linz argue that sultanistic regimes do not offer
favorable transitions to democracy, no matter what the person in
power says. Part two applies Linz's model to country studies.
Facial expressions and animations are important aspects of the 3D
environment featuring human characters. They are used in many kinds
of applications, such as 3D games, interactive human/computer
software, and movies. This book presents the recent developments of
academic research for 3D facial modeling and animation. The
technology includes: (1) a system for freely designing and creating
detailed, dynamic, and animated facial expressions; (2) a novel
approach for generating real-time vivid shedding tears; (3) a
method for automatically placing bones on facial models to speed up
the rigging process of a human face; (4) a new method to produce
realistic expressions and animations by transferring an existing
expression to a new facial model.
A guide to the experiences economic reform since the second world
war, and system reform and economic integration across the world in
the past decade. The first part of the book examines why only a
small number of developing countries have succeeded in their
modernization attempts this century. What lessons can be learnt
from the successes of the East Asian NIEs and failures of other
economies to emulate them? The very different experiences of the
transition to market economies in the former socialist countries of
Eastern Europe and China is the focus of the next section, with
comparisons drawn with the Latin American reform experience,
especially in Chile. The effects of economic integration schemes
are examined in the final sector, with case-studies of Tunisia and
Morocco's Free Trade Agreements with the EU, and of economic
integration and the Arab-Israeli peace process.
INDICE: Prefacio.Parte I. Introduccion.- 1. Democracia presidencial
o parlamentaria. Que diferencia implica?, por Juan J. LinzParte II.
Perspectivas teoricas.- 2. Presidencialismo y democracia
mayoritaria: Observaciones teoricas, por Arend Lijphart.- 3. Ni
presidencialismo ni parlamentarismo, por Giovanni Sartori.- 4.
Presidencialismo y parlamentarismo en perspectiva comparada, por
Alfred Stepan y Cindy Skach.- 5. Presidencialismo y estabilidad
politica en Francia, por Ezra N. Suleiman.Indice analitico.
"With a superb cast of contributors and a well-chosen sample of
countries, "The Failure of Presidential Democracy" treats a central
issue in the world today, as more and more countries try to
construct durable democracies. It also reflects the new emphasis in
political science on institutions, an area that has been sorely
neglected in Latin American studies. Indeed, the book fills a huge
informational and analytical gap on institutional arrangements in
Latin American political systems. This is a stimulating,
thoughtful, and relevant book--well suited to classroom use in
courses on comparative politics and Latin American politics."--Paul
W. Drake, University of California, San Diego.
"Complete Edition."
Trajectory-based ("Lagrangian") atmospheric transport and
dispersion modeling has gained in popularity and sophistication
over the previous several decades. It is common practice now for
researchers around the world to apply Lagrangian models to a wide
spectrum of issues. Lagrangian Modeling of the Atmosphere is a
comprehensive volume that includes sections on Lagrangian modeling
theory, model applications, and tests against observations.
Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the
Geophysical Monograph Series. * Comprehensive coverage of
trajectory-based atmospheric dispersion modeling * Important
overview of a widely used modeling tool * Sections look at modeling
theory, application of models, and tests against observations
Jane Jacobs coined the phrase 'eyes on the street' to depict those
who maintain order in cities. Most criminologists assume these eyes
belong to residents. In this Element we show that most of the eyes
she described belonged to shopkeepers and property owners. They,
along with governments, wield immense power through property
ownership and regulation. From her work, we propose a Neo-Jacobian
perspective to reframe how crime is connected to neighborhood
function through deliberate decision-making at places. It advances
three major turning points for criminology. This includes turns
from: 1. residents to place managers as the primary source of
informal social control; 2. ecological processes to outsiders'
deliberate actions that create crime opportunities; and 3. a
top-down macro- to bottom-up micro-spatial explanation of crime
patterns. This perspective demonstrates the need for criminology to
integrate further into economics, political science, urban
planning, and history to improve crime control policies.
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