This book is the proceedings of the Falk Symposium 158, on Intestinal Inflammation and Colorectal Cancer, held in Seville, Spain, in March 2007. It covers the current understanding of inflammation-driven colon carcinogenesis, highlights the most relevant mechanisms and discusses measures to interfere with this process. This is a true translational topic which will attract both basic scientists and clinicians, specifically those who can make a difference in preventing this type of cancer. The past 15 years have brought significant progress in the molecular understanding of colon carcinogenesis and tumor progression. In contrast, the functional relationship between inflammation and the origin of cancer is not new. Highlighted by over 400 scientific reports, the role model of inflammation-driven carcinogenesis is colorectal cancer in ulcerative colitis.