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Biomethanization of the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Wastes
is a comprehensive introduction to both the fundamentals and the
more practical aspects of the anaerobic digestion of organic solid
wastes, particularly those derived from households, that is, the
organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (OFMSW). It can be used
as a textbook for specialized courses and also as a guide for
practitioners. In the first part, the book covers the relevant
aspects of anaerobic digestion (AD) of organic wastes. The
fundamentals and kinetic aspects of AD are reviewed with particular
emphasis on the aspects related to solid wastes. This introduction
is necessary to have a comprehensive view of the AD process and to
understand the practical principles as well as the origin of
possible problems arising from the management of the process.
Chapter 2 emphasizes the role of kinetics in designing the reactor,
paying special attention to existing models, particularly the
dynamic ones. Through this introduction, it is intended to
facilitate the technology transfer from laboratory or pilot plant
experiences to full-scale process, in order to implement
improvements in current digesters. Laboratory methods are described
for the analysis and optimization of reactor performance, such as
methanogenic activity tests or experimental evaluation of the
biodegradation kinetics of solid organic waste. The different
reaction patterns applied to industrial reactors are outlined.
Industrial reactors are classified in accordance with the system
they use, pointing out advantages and limitations. Co-digestion,
enabling the co-treatment of organic wastes of different origin in
a more economically feasible way, is described in detail. Examples
of co-digestion are given, with OFMSW as a base-substrate. Finally,
full-scale co-digestion plants are discussed. Various types
(mechanical, biological, physico-chemical) of pre-treatment to
increase the biodegradability, and thus the yields of the process,
are reviewed in detail. The use of the fermentation products of
anaerobic digesters for biological nutrient removal processes in
wastewater treatment plants is described. This constitutes an
example of integrated waste management, a field in which both
economic and technical advances can be achieved. Balances are given
to justify the approach, and a full-scale case study is presented.
The important topic of economics and the ecological advantages of
the process are emphasized. The use of compost, the integration
with composting technology, and advantages over other technologies
are detailed in the framework of an environmental impact assessment
of biowaste treatment. Finally, the anaerobic digestion of MSW in
landfills is reviewed in detail, with emphasis on landfill process
enhancement and strategies for its application.
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