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This Revised Anthology is about the future of military operations
in the opening decades of the 21st Century. Its purpose is not to
predict the future, but to speculate on the conduct of military
operations as an instrument of national policy in a world absent
massive thermonuclear and conventional superpower confrontation
characteristic of the Cold War. Also absent are indirect
constraints imposed by that confrontation on virtually all
political-military relationships, not solely those between
superpower principals. It is likely not possible to predict the
future. Its uncertainties increase the number of assumptions that
need to be made and taken as fact in order to think ahead. So, all
futures investigations are really speculation. Further, looking
ahead, it is necessary to accommodate the past. For the present is
the leading edge of the past, as well as the line of departure to
the future. With us are legacies of the past; we struggle with them
daily in problems of the present.
In March 1947, the United States established an economic and
military assistance program to bolster the nationalist Greek
government against a communist insurgency. The Greek government
suffered from a collapsed economy, deep social divisions, and an
inability to defeat the insurgents in battle. The Joint US Military
Advisory and Planning Group provided operational advice to the
Greek National Army that improved the nationalists' aggressiveness,
tactics, battlefield management, and logistics. The advisors used
training, mentorship, directive control, and disciplinary action to
affect the nationalists' combat leadership. The improved leadership
led to more effective combat operations against the communists.
These operations pressured the insurgency, which had alienated
Yugoslavia and committed to fighting with conventional tactics.
These two insurgent errors, the massive economic and military aid
program, and the improved nationalist combat performance resulted
in a decisive victory in August 1949. The study provides insight
into how advisors can affect a military's leadership.
Winner of the 2010 International Society of Logistics Award. A
common axiom in military circles is that "amateurs study strategy,
but professionals study logistics." Throughout history, wars have
been won or lost depending on a nation's ability to support and
sustain a fielded force. Just ask the Nazis, who, during World War
II, could not sustain the German war machine because of Allied
destruction of logistical lines. The lessons to be learned today,
though similar, are attenuated because of advances in technology, a
globalized world economy, and interdependencies of nations waging
war. Likewise, in a resource-constrained environment, nations and
companies are "looking for ways to cut costs, improve quality,
increase efficiencies and enhance their competitiveness." It is no
different for the Department of Defense (DOD), especially in the
area of global mobility and combat support. In fact, it is safe to
say that logistics situational awareness is a critical enabler of
global mobility and will dictate whether countries survive in the
future strategic environment. Today, the logistics tail of the DOD
is ripe for improvement. Efficiencies in the daily movement of
personnel, cargo, and equipment will effect large returns on
investment. Most importantly, the ability to provide end-to-end
visibility throughout the DOD supply chain will permit forces to
rapidly mobilize, deploy, sustain, and redeploy in support of
national security objectives. This paper surveys the current
automatic identification technology (AIT) capabilities, forecasts
the 2035 requirements using environmental scanning and interviews,
identifies the capability gaps, and provides inputs for an AIT
implementation road map. The key question is How will the DOD
leverage AIT and help optimize the visibility of assets in the DOD
supply chain for operations in 2035? DOD investments in AIT will
promote efficient logistics operations, streamline supply chains,
provide in-transit visibility, and enhance situational awareness to
enable rapid global mobility, agile combat support, and power
projection for the DOD in 2035. "Tracking Next-Generation Automatic
Identification Technology into 2035" explores the advances in
automatic identification technology, specifically radio frequency
identification, and seeks to exploit these capabilities for use in
the Department of Defense (DOD) supply chain. Using technological
trends, a thorough literature review, and the opinions of experts,
the paper compares current technology to a 2035 requirements
forecast to identify capability gaps. The end goal is logistics
situational awareness, whereby the DOD has the ability to provide
end-to-end visibility throughout its supply chain and can rapidly
mobilize, deploy, sustain, and redeploy forces in support of
national security objectives.
The Air Force, and more specifically the joint/combined force air
component commander (J/CFACC), firmly believes airpower must
operate under the twin tenets of centralized control and
decentralized execution to be effective. The Cold War ushered in an
era of centralized execution of airborne strategic intelligence,
surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) operations that bled into
theater-level ISR execution in the 1990s and through Operations
Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom. This execution construct,
coupled with ISR reachback exploitation, has created a perception
that theater-level ISR operations are not responsive to tactical
situations. Physical distances between the operational environment,
combined air operations center (CAOC), and exploitation units have
fostered distrust and removed critical insight and ISR expertise
from tactical level planning and execution. To maintain ISR
relevancy at the tactical level, the J/CFACC must change its
tactical ISR organization and execution methodology. This paper
draws on well-established close air support (CAS) doctrine and
organizational models to build new ISR organizational and execution
constructs to bridge the gap between theater-level ISR assets and
tactical operations. These models bind ISR asset, exploiter, CAOC,
and the supported unit through face-to-face interactions and
standardized processes that apply across any theater of operations
or combatant command.
The current service-centric approach to bare base capability has
produced capability overlaps and logistics inefficiencies. The two
primary bare base systems-the Air Force Basic Expeditionary
Airfield Resources (BEAR) and the Army Force Provider-have limited
interoperability. In recent conflicts, the lack of joint doctrine
or joint bare base architecture has hampered the ability of the
services to achieve fully operational forward locations within a
satisfactory length of time. The current approach to bare base
operations is at odds with Department of Defense (DOD)
transformation plans, which direct the development of joint,
interdependent capabilities to support the current operating
environment, in which interservice operations and rapid deployments
are the norm. The DOD also has a domestic requirement to contribute
to disaster response and homeland security operations, which may be
slowed or complicated by service-specific bare base capabilities.
To prepare for operations in a joint environment and eliminate
inefficiencies, the services should establish a joint bare base
architecture that is simplified, modular, and interchangeable. This
study proposes a joint architecture that potentially would reduce
the resources required to procure, move, store, and maintain bare
base assets. Because expeditionary basing is one of its distinctive
capabilities, the Air Force should be designated as the executive
agent for joint bare base operations, with each service continuing
to train its bare base support forces and meet its service-specific
requirements.
A call is being made for an aircraft dedicated to the
counterinsurgency (COIN) mission within military academic circles
and the special operations community. Support for a COIN aircraft
needs hard numbers, given the Air Force's budget constraints
brought on by the dedication to the F-22A. Building on Arthur
Davis's COIN aircraft advocacy paper, this research doesn't focus
on further advocacy, but on a process and method for COIN aircraft
procurement. The acquisition focus is on United States Special
Operations Command's (USSOCOM) acquisition authority to couple its
global war on terrorism (GWOT) mission responsibility with
commercial-off-the-shelf aircraft procurement to specifically
address the need for an airborne COIN capability. The performance,
schedule, and cost information associated with Raytheon's T-6A NTA
and Stavatti's SM-27 are reviewed and compared beyond the
acquisition process. Additionally, acquisition and operations,
maintenance, and support cost estimates are produced for both
alternatives. The estimates reflect respective acquisition costs of
approximately $211 million and $426 million; and maintenance, and
support costs of $38 million and $47 million, respectively. The
latter two costs are stated in fiscal year (FY) 2007 dollars. The
analysis of alternatives yields a recommendation based on the three
key acquisition areas of performance, schedule, and cost. The T-6A
NTA platform possesses demonstrated performance, immediate
availability, and lower costs, and is recommended by this analysis.
The author's interest in Air Force doctrine was first aroused when
he was a sergeant serving as an aerial gunnery instructor in early
1943. When the operational research people revealed that what we
were teaching was faulty, he came to realize that the Air Force
system for developing doctrine was flawed. The problem continued to
interest him and later, after he was commissioned and serving on
the faculty of the Industrial College of the Armed Forces, he wrote
his book Ideas and Weapons using the experience of the air arm to
expound the need for a more systematic procedure for developing
doctrine. Because the doctrinal materials gathered on World War II
were still highly classified, he reverted to World War I to put
across his thesis without violating security. The author's real
concern was to contribute to the soon to be established US Air
Force in the search for a more effective means of formulating
doctrine. The essays that follow reflect how his ideas developed
over the 30-odd years of my Air Force career. Inevitably there are
some overlaps and repetitions given the origin of these essays as
articles and lectures spread over many years. The main themes are
evident. He repeatedly made the case for the importance of doctrine
and the need to perfect the technological advances in equipment. He
was concerned to see that doctrine was continually perfected in
peacetime and not just in wartime when the pressure of enemy
performance provides a powerful incentive to do this. Another theme
repeatedly stated was the need for officers suitably educated to
see the importance of doctrine and realize that doctrine is
literally "everybody's business" and not just the concern of a
handful of individuals assigned to the formal task of compiling
doctrinal manuals. These people are important, but they cannot
perform effectively if officers throughout the service fail to
write after-action reports summarizing their valuable experiences,
not just in air operations but in all aspects of the air arm
activities, procurement, personnel administration, logistics, and
legislative liaison. One can easily make the case that improving
the ability of the Air Force to cope with Congress is just as
important as suggesting the best possible doctrine for aerial
combat. One can't just assume that every newly promoted flag
officer will instinctively understand the best way of testifying on
Capitol Hill. Much of the doctrinal problem within the Air Force
stems from the professional education of officers. Unless they are
rigorously educated to undertake the objective analysis of recorded
historical experience, all the most carefully edited doctrinal
manuals will avail little. One of the author's insistent themes is
the need to make doctrinal manuals not only more readable but more
memorable. To this end several of the following essays are
addressed to those who are assigned as doctrinal writers.
This scarce antiquarian book is included in our special Legacy
Reprint Series. In the interest of creating a more extensive
selection of rare historical book reprints, we have chosen to
reproduce this title even though it may possibly have occasional
imperfections such as missing and blurred pages, missing text, poor
pictures, markings, dark backgrounds and other reproduction issues
beyond our control. Because this work is culturally important, we
have made it available as a part of our commitment to protecting,
preserving and promoting the world's literature.
This scarce antiquarian book is a selection from Kessinger
Publishing's Legacy Reprint Series. Due to its age, it may contain
imperfections such as marks, notations, marginalia and flawed
pages. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we
have made it available as part of our commitment to protecting,
preserving, and promoting the world's literature. Kessinger
Publishing is the place to find hundreds of thousands of rare and
hard-to-find books with something of interest for eve
This is a pre-1923 historical reproduction that was curated for
quality. Quality assurance was conducted on each of these books in
an attempt to remove books with imperfections introduced by the
digitization process. Though we have made best efforts - the books
may have occasional errors that do not impede the reading
experience. We believe this work is culturally important and have
elected to bring the book back into print as part of our continuing
commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide.
This scarce antiquarian book is included in our special Legacy
Reprint Series. In the interest of creating a more extensive
selection of rare historical book reprints, we have chosen to
reproduce this title even though it may possibly have occasional
imperfections such as missing and blurred pages, missing text, poor
pictures, markings, dark backgrounds and other reproduction issues
beyond our control. Because this work is culturally important, we
have made it available as a part of our commitment to protecting,
preserving and promoting the world's literature.
This scarce antiquarian book is a selection from Kessinger
Publishing's Legacy Reprint Series. Due to its age, it may contain
imperfections such as marks, notations, marginalia and flawed
pages. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we
have made it available as part of our commitment to protecting,
preserving, and promoting the world's literature. Kessinger
Publishing is the place to find hundreds of thousands of rare and
hard-to-find books with something of interest for everyone
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