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Geographical Information Systems (GIS) have developed rapidly in
recent years and now provide powerful tools for the capture,
manipulation, integration, interrogation, modelling, analysis and
visualisation of data - tools that are already used for policy
support in a wide range of areas at almost all geographic and
administrative levels. This holds especially for emergency
preparedness and health risk reduction, which are all essentially
spatial problems. To date, however, many initiatives have remained
disconnected and uncoordinated, leading to less powerful, less
compatible and less widely implemented systems than might otherwise
have been the case.
The important matters discussed here include the probabilistic
nature of most environmental hazards and the semi-random factors
that influence interactions between these and human exposures; the
effects of temporal and spatial scales on hazard assessment and
imputed risk; the effects of measurement error in risk estimation
and the stratification of risks and their impacts according to
socioeconomic characteristics; and the quantification of
socioeconomic differences in vulnerability and susceptibility to
environmental hazards.
GIS are powerful analytical tools in their own right, but what is
needed is much more effective communication between the many
disciplines, professions and stakeholders concerned - something
which this book helps to achieve.
Accurate assessment of environmental hazards and related risks is a
primary prerequisite for effective environmental health protection,
at both the individual and collective level. National and regional
policies on environmental health need to be guided by knowledge
about the risks to the populations involved; as the Environmental
Action Plan for Europe notes, 'priority setting requires the
comparative assessment of risks to health of different
environmental factors against the cost of controlling them.' In
recent years this has assumed particular importance, for with the
encouragement of the World Health Organisation (WHO), all countries
in Europe are committed to producing National Environmental Health
Action Plans (NEHAPs), which will define priorities and targets for
environmental health and the actions needed to achieve them.
Reliable information on risks is clearly fundamantal to this
process. Individual risk assessment is no less important in this
context. Much of the responsibility and capacity to improve public
health lies ultimately in the choices (e.g. about diet, smoking,
alcohol consumption, sexual activities, sporting activities, travel
mode, place of residence and occupation) which we make as
individuals. If we are to improve and protect our own health,
therefore, and in so doing play our personal role in achieving the
targets set by these Plans, we need to be guided by a clear
understanding of the risks involved.
Expanded from the original edition to include the post-Cold War
era, Making American Foreign Policy explores the struggle between
the President and the Congress to shape U.S. foreign policy from
World War II, through Vietnam and "Operation Desert Storm," to the
Clinton Administration's policy in Somalia. Case studies make the
book especially useful for classroom teaching and the six common
themes identified give students a more focused understanding of
foreign policy formulation.
A broad class of accelerators rests on the induction principle
whereby the accelerating electrical fields are generated by
time-varying magnetic fluxes. Particularly suitable for the
transport of bright and high-intensity beams of electrons, protons
or heavy ions in any geometry (linear or circular) the research and
development of induction accelerators is a thriving subfield of
accelerator physics. This text is the first comprehensive account
of both the fundamentals and the state of the art about the modern
conceptual design and implementation of such devices. Accordingly,
the first part of the book is devoted to the essential features of
and key technologies used for induction accelerators at a level
suitable for postgraduate students and newcomers to the field.
Subsequent chapters deal with more specialized and advanced topics.
In recent years, the impact of new experimental techniques (e.g.,
nuclear physics methods, availability of high-intensity light
sources) as well as an increasing demand for atomic collision data
in other fields of physics (e.g., plasma physics, astrophysics,
laser physics, surface physics, etc.) have stimulated a renewed,
strong interest in atomic collision research. Due to the explosive
development of the various fields, scientists often even have dif
ficulty in keeping up with their own area of research; as a result,
the overlap between different fields tends to remain rather
limited. Instead of having access to the full knowledge accumulated
in other fields, one uses only the small fraction which at the
moment seems to be of immediate importance to one's own area of
interest. Clearly, many fruitful and stimulating ideas are lost in
this way, causing progress to be made much more slowly than it
could be. Atomic col lision physics is no exception to this rule.
Although it is of basic interest to many other areas, it is mostly
regarded merely as a (nonetheless important) tool by which to gain
additional information.
A broad class of accelerators rests on the induction principle
whereby the accelerating electrical fields are generated by
time-varying magnetic fluxes. Particularly suitable for the
transport of bright and high-intensity beams of electrons, protons
or heavy ions in any geometry (linear or circular) the research and
development of induction accelerators is a thriving subfield of
accelerator physics. This text is the first comprehensive account
of both the fundamentals and the state of the art about the modern
conceptual design and implementation of such devices. Accordingly,
the first part of the book is devoted to the essential features of
and key technologies used for induction accelerators at a level
suitable for postgraduate students and newcomers to the field.
Subsequent chapters deal with more specialized and advanced topics.
The Proceedings of the Advanced study Institute on Fundamental
Processes in Atomic Collision Physics (Santa Flavia, Italy,
September 10-21, 1984) are dedicated to the memory of Sir Harrie
r-1assey, whose scientific achievements and life are reviewed
herein by Sir David Bates. At the first School on the above topic
(Maratea, September 1983, Volume 103 in this series), Harrie Massey
presented the introductory lectures, summarized the entire lecture
program, and presented an outlook on future developments in atomic
collision physics. In an after-dinner speech, Massey recalled
personal reminiscences and historical events with regard to atomic
collision physics, to which he had contributed by initiating
pioneering work and by stimulating and surveying this branch of
physics over a period of almost six decades. Participants in the
Maratea School will always remember Harrie Massey as a charming and
wonderful person who was most pleased to discuss with
everyone--students, postdoctorals, and senior scientists--any topic
in atomic collision physics. Harrie Massey was a member of the
Scientific Advisory Committee of the 1984 Santa Flavia School.
Before his death he expressed his interest in attending this second
School devoted to the presentation of recent developments and
highlights in atomic collision physics. It is the desire of all
authors to honor Harrie Massey with their contributions in these
Proceedings.
Geographical Information Systems (GIS) have developed rapidly in
recent years and now provide powerful tools for the capture,
manipulation, integration, interrogation, modelling, analysis and
visualisation of data - tools that are already used for policy
support in a wide range of areas at almost all geographic and
administrative levels. This holds especially for emergency
preparedness and health risk reduction, which are all essentially
spatial problems. To date, however, many initiatives have remained
disconnected and uncoordinated, leading to less powerful, less
compatible and less widely implemented systems than might otherwise
have been the case.
The important matters discussed here include the probabilistic
nature of most environmental hazards and the semi-random factors
that influence interactions between these and human exposures; the
effects of temporal and spatial scales on hazard assessment and
imputed risk; the effects of measurement error in risk estimation
and the stratification of risks and their impacts according to
socioeconomic characteristics; and the quantification of
socioeconomic differences in vulnerability and susceptibility to
environmental hazards.
GIS are powerful analytical tools in their own right, but what is
needed is much more effective communication between the many
disciplines, professions and stakeholders concerned - something
which this book helps to achieve.
Accurate assessment of environmental hazards and related risks is a
primary prerequisite for effective environmental health protection,
at both the individual and collective level. National and regional
policies on environmental health need to be guided by knowledge
about the risks to the populations involved; as the Environmental
Action Plan for Europe notes, 'priority setting requires the
comparative assessment of risks to health of different
environmental factors against the cost of controlling them.' In
recent years this has assumed particular importance, for with the
encouragement of the World Health Organisation (WHO), all countries
in Europe are committed to producing National Environmental Health
Action Plans (NEHAPs), which will define priorities and targets for
environmental health and the actions needed to achieve them.
Reliable information on risks is clearly fundamantal to this
process. Individual risk assessment is no less important in this
context. Much of the responsibility and capacity to improve public
health lies ultimately in the choices (e.g. about diet, smoking,
alcohol consumption, sexual activities, sporting activities, travel
mode, place of residence and occupation) which we make as
individuals. If we are to improve and protect our own health,
therefore, and in so doing play our personal role in achieving the
targets set by these Plans, we need to be guided by a clear
understanding of the risks involved.
"Murdoch, Briggs, and Nisbet provide the most insightful
development of cohesive ecological theory to have appeared in
decades. For those who would say ecology is not making progress,
this is the book with which to refute such uninspired myopia. In
this era of 'applied' and 'relevant ecology, ' a theory book might
seem out of place. But we all need to read this book to remind
ourselves how hard it is to really understand nature, and to
appreciate the discipline of thinking required when deciphering the
consequences of those environmental hazards from which we
recoil."--Peter Kareiva, Lead Scientist, The Nature Conservancy
"This is a very important, well-written, and well-organized
book. Its major contribution is in showing that real
consumer-resource dynamics can in fact be understood using a
unified theoretical framework. It will appeal to population
ecologists but also to applied mathematicians, and will serve as an
entree into theoretical ecology for those with less of a
theoretical bent."--Alan Hastings, University of California,
Davis
""Consumer-Resource Dynamics" is an important book that fills a
significant void in the field of theoretical ecology. It brings
together the seemingly disparate components of consumer-resource
theory under a unifying framework, successfully tackles the
challenge of developing models that are both general and testable,
and makes complicated mathematical theory accessible to the more
empirical minded ecologist. Unlike most books in the field, it
presents new theory and new insights, and suggests new empirical
directions to pursue. Very well written, it will find a wide
audience, from theorists to empiricists, from students to
professors, and frombasic scientists to applied researchers. It
will provide food for thought even to those who are experts in the
field."--Priyanga Amarasekare, University of Chicago
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