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The Leaning Tower of Pisa is known worldwide for its five-degree
lean. The Tower is the Campanile of the Cathedral, which together
with the Baptistry and Cemetery form a breath-taking collection of
monuments which are regarded as supreme examples of early
Renaissance Romanesque architecture. In March 1990 the Tower was
closed to the public as it was declared unsafe and close to
collapse. A Commission was set up by the Italian Government with
the task of developing and implementing stabilization measures.
This book begins with a brief description of the history of the
Tower and its construction. The reader is then introduced to the
huge challenges faced by the Commission in designing and
implementing appropriate stabilization measures whilst at the same
time satisfying the demanding requirements of conserving a world
heritage monument. In particular, two historical studies are
described which proved to be most valuable in arriving at suitable
stabilization measures. The first was a deduction of the history of
inclination of the tower during and subsequent to construction. The
results of this study were used to calibrate a sophisticated
numerical model of the tower and the underlying very soft ground
which proved vital in evaluating the effectiveness of various
stabilization schemes. The second study was of measurements of
movement made since 1911. This latter study revealed an unexpected
mechanism of foundation movement which proved crucial in developing
the temporary and permanent stabilization measures and which
resulted in the Tower being re-opened to the public in June 2001.
The book will appeal to both professionals and students in the
fields of Architecture and Civil Engineering. It will also interest
specialised audiences of geotechnical engineers and conservation
architects. It may also be of wider interest to anyone planning to
visit Pisa or who is intrigued as to what caused the Tower to lean
and how it was stabilized.
Plasticity and Geotechnics is the first attempt to summarize and
present in a single volume the major achievements in the field of
plasticity theory for geotechnical materials and its applications
to geotechnical analysis and design. The book emerges from the
author's belief that there is an urgent need for the geotechnical
and solid mechanics community to have a unified presentation of
plasticity theory and its application to geotechnical
engineering.
Plasticity and Geotechnics is the first attempt to summarize and
present, in one volume, the major developments achieved to date in
the field of plasticity theory for geotechnical materials and its
applications to geotechnical analysis and design. The author
believes that there is an urgent need for the geotechnical and
solid mechanics community to have a unified presentation of
plasticity theory and its application to geotechnical engineering.
In its thorough, comprehensive treatment of the subject, the book
covers classical, recent, and modern developments of appropriate
constitutive theories of stress-strain relations for geomaterials
and a wide range of analytical and computational techniques that
are available for solving geotechnical design problems. The
emphasis is on key concepts behind the most useful theoretical
developments, the inter-relation of these concepts, and their
implementation in numerical procedures for solving practical
problems in geotechnical engineering.
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