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This book improves understanding of the nature of the transport
needs of rural people in developing countries. It contributes to
the development of practical policies to provide transport
facilities which will better meet the needs of rural communities.
This book analyses the use of rural road networks and the causes
and effects of road programmes in the areas of personal travel,
education, health and poverty alleviation. It discusses the
criteria which are being used for rural road selection and their
impact in Egypt, India, Botswana and Thailand.
For more than three decades investment in the transport sector has
been a priority for developing country governments. With a few
exceptions, roads have accounted for the major part of these
investments. The explicit, and often articulated, assumption upon
which the decision to allocate such large sums of money to road
transport has been made is that road transport and development are
inextricably linked. The implicit, and rarely articulated
assumption is that the provision of suitable roads will lead to the
operation of an adequate level of road transport services. If roads
do not actually produce economic development, it has been argued,
they certainly play a major role. This belief in the ben-eficial
effects of roads is not wholly unsubstantiated. Clearly the
provision of some form of access is vital for the development of
the rural economy. Nevertheless, the studies carried out over the
last 10-15 years on the impact of highway investment have sounded a
cautionary note. George W. Wilson, writing in the concluding
chapter of the Brookings Institution studies on transport and
development, suggested that* 'A much more sceptical attitude
towards transport appears essential and far more attention needs to
be devoted to the set of circumstances surrounding expansion of
transport capacity'. 1 The suggestion of a more restrained attitude
reflected a growing concern that transport, and in particular
roads, was only one factor amongst a large number that needed to be
integrated for effective development. The concern to see road
transport in a wider context partly explains the move towards the
evaluation of the social, as well as strictly economic, benefits of
road construction.
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