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General The making and breaking of carbon-metal bonds is
fundamental to all the p- cesses of organometallic chemistry and
moreover plays a significant role in - mogeneous as well as
heterogeneous catalysis. This rather blunt statement - phasises the
extent to which a proper understanding of the structure, energetics
and reactivity of C-M bonds is at the core of the discipline. In
order to accept it, a proper definition of the terms involved is
required. Quite simply we define the metal-carbon bond in its
broadest sense to embrace carbon linked to transiti- metals,
lanthanides and actinides, and main group metals. We do not dist-
guish between formally covalent single or multiple bonding on the
one hand and q-bonding on the other. In the studies to be described
in the following chapters, the emphasis will be on transition metal
complexes and insofar as the fun- mentals come under scrutiny,
simple metal alkyls or related species (metal al- nyl, alkynyl,
aryl, or allyl) will play an emphatic part. The central role of
metal alkyls and their congeners and especially the role of their
metal carbon linkage in homogeneous catalysis may be appreciated by
considering some key reaction steps leading to their formation or
breakdown. There follows a few prominent examples of transition
metal mediated stoichiometric or catalytic processes: - In
homogeneous hydrogenation of double bonds, the stepwise reaction of
an q2-coordinated alkene with dihydrogen gives first an alkyl metal
hydride, and then the decoordinated alkane by elimination.
General The making and breaking of carbon-metal bonds is
fundamental to all the p- cesses of organometallic chemistry and
moreover plays a significant role in - mogeneous as well as
heterogeneous catalysis. This rather blunt statement - phasises the
extent to which a proper understanding of the structure, energetics
and reactivity of C-M bonds is at the core of the discipline. In
order to accept it, a proper definition of the terms involved is
required. Quite simply we define the metal-carbon bond in its
broadest sense to embrace carbon linked to transiti- metals,
lanthanides and actinides, and main group metals. We do not dist-
guish between formally covalent single or multiple bonding on the
one hand and q-bonding on the other. In the studies to be described
in the following chapters, the emphasis will be on transition metal
complexes and insofar as the fun- mentals come under scrutiny,
simple metal alkyls or related species (metal al- nyl, alkynyl,
aryl, or allyl) will play an emphatic part. The central role of
metal alkyls and their congeners and especially the role of their
metal carbon linkage in homogeneous catalysis may be appreciated by
considering some key reaction steps leading to their formation or
breakdown. There follows a few prominent examples of transition
metal mediated stoichiometric or catalytic processes: - In
homogeneous hydrogenation of double bonds, the stepwise reaction of
an q2-coordinated alkene with dihydrogen gives first an alkyl metal
hydride, and then the decoordinated alkane by elimination.
This volume contains the lectures presented at the NATO Advanced
Study Institute on "Frontiers of Laser Spectroscopy of Gases" held
in the Hotel Golf Mar, Vimeiro, near Torres Vedras, Portugal from
30 March to 10 April 1987. The objective of the meeting was to take
stock of the recent technological developments involving lasers and
to assess their impact on spectroscopy. The whole range of
wavelengths from the far infrared through to the extreme
ultraviolet was covered. In addition, specific applications to both
atoms and molecules were described. Indeed, one of the most
successful and pleasant aspects of the Institute was the joint
participation of atomic physicists and molecular spectro scopists,
who meet all too rarely these days. The Institute also succeeded in
covering a wide time span from the very earliest days of lasers to
some of the very latest developments in both lasers and their
applications to spectroscopy. There were 14 invited lecturers,
giving a total of 40 lectures, and 89 other participants at the
Institute. Each of the invited lecturers has contributed a chapter
to this volume. In addition, on Thursday 2nd April a special
one-day session was held in the Chemistry Department at the
University of Coimbra to mark the retirement of Professor Dr. F."
Amy and Brenda, childhood friends from the wrong side of the tracks
in St. Louis, begin high school when they get admitted to an elite
girl's boarding school in Baltimore. Struggling to survive in a new
environment, they find both allies and enemies while attempting to
discover what is true and what is false about Friendship, First
Love, Magic, and Class Warfare.
Two young girls in an alternate history version of the United
States in 1822 become embroiled in a conspiracy to split the
alliance between the United States and the Iroquois Confederation.
Winner: Best Young Adult Novel of 2012 by the Maryland Writers'
Association.
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