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Animal Cell Culture nimal cell culture began in 1912 when Alexis
Carrel grew bits of chick heart A in vitro by placing them into a
drop of horse plasma. When the plasma clotted, it formed a solid
surface into which the heart cells explanted. Left unattended,
these cells died within several days. By regularly feeding the grow
ing cells with aqueous extracts of whole chick embryos and
periodically sub dividing them, Carrel was able to maintain the
cells for extended periods. From these initial experiments, cell
culture has expanded into an important component of biological
research and commercial production. Animal cell culture is an
important tool for the study of complex biologi cal systems. In
vivo it is often impossible to target a treatment to one specific
cell type or to adequately control the environment. For example, it
is impos sible to selectively depolarize endothelial cells in vivo
to determine the role of transmembrane potential in the
transduction of fluid mechanical forces generated by blood flow to
a biochemical response. Depolarizing all of the cells within the
vascular system by injecting potassium chloride into the animal's
bloodstream clearly is not an option, as it will lead to cardiac
arrest."
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