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In their pursuit of social justice, revolutionaries have taken on
the assembled might of monarchies, empires, and dictatorships. They
have often, though not always, sparked cataclysmic violence, and
have at times won miraculous victories, though at other times
suffered devastating defeat. This Very Short Introduction
illuminates the revolutionaries, their strategies, their successes
and failures, and the ways in which revolutions continue to
dominate world events and the popular imagination. Starting with
the city-states of ancient Greece and Rome, Jack Goldstone traces
the development of revolutions through the Renaissance and
Reformation, the Enlightenment and liberal constitutional
revolutions such as in America, and their opposite—the communist
revolutions of the 20th century. He shows how revolutions
overturned dictators in Nicaragua and Iran and brought the collapse
of communism in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, and examines
the new wave of non-violent "color" revolutions—the Philippines'
Yellow Revolution, Ukraine's Orange Revolution—and the Arab
Uprisings of 2011-12 that rocked the Middle East. In this new
edition, Goldstone also sheds light on the major theories of
revolution, exploring the causes of revolutionary waves, the role
of revolutionary leaders, the strategies and processes of
revolutionary change, and the intersection between revolutions and
shifting patterns of global power. Further, he explores the role
social media and nonviolence play in modern revolutions. Finally,
he examines the reasons for diverse revolutionary outcomes, from
democracy to civil war and authoritarian rule, and the likely
future of revolution in years to come.
This reference describes revolutionary events that have affected
and often changed the course of history. The past 200 years have
seen a torrent of political revolutions - cataclysms on every
continent that have shaped the world as we know it. This work
includes more than 200 articles by leading scholars from around the
world that provide answers to specific questions as well as
in-depth treatment of events and trends accompanying revolutions.
The contents include descriptions of specific revolutions,
important revolutionary figures, and major revolutionary themes
such as communism and socialism, ideology and nationalism.
What can the great crises of the past teach us about contemporary
revolutions? Jack Goldstone shows the important role of population
changes, youth bulges, urbanization, elite divisions, and fiscal
crises in creating major political crises. Goldstone shows how
state breakdowns in both western monarchies and Asian empires
followed the same patterns, triggered when inflexible political,
economic, and social institutions were overwhelmed by cumulative
changes in population structure that collided with popular
aspirations and state-elite relations. Examining the great
revolutions of Europe-the English and French Revolutions-and the
great rebellions of Asia, which shattered dynasties in Ottoman
Turkey, China, and Japan, he shows how long cycles of revolutionary
crises and stability similarly shaped politics in Europe and Asia,
but led to different outcomes. In this 25th anniversary edition,
Goldstone reflects on the history of revolutions in the last
twenty-five years, from the Philippines and other color revolutions
to the Arab Uprisings and the rise of the Islamic State. In a new
introduction, he re-examines his pioneering look at the role of
population changes-such as rising youth cohorts, urbanization,
shifting elite mobility--as continuing causal factors of
revolutions and rebellions. The new concluding chapter updates his
major theory and looks to the future of revolutions in the Middle
East, Asia, and Africa.
What can the great crises of the past teach us about contemporary
revolutions? Jack Goldstone shows the important role of population
changes, youth bulges, urbanization, elite divisions, and fiscal
crises in creating major political crises. Goldstone shows how
state breakdowns in both western monarchies and Asian empires
followed the same patterns, triggered when inflexible political,
economic, and social institutions were overwhelmed by cumulative
changes in population structure that collided with popular
aspirations and state-elite relations. Examining the great
revolutions of Europe-the English and French Revolutions-and the
great rebellions of Asia, which shattered dynasties in Ottoman
Turkey, China, and Japan, he shows how long cycles of revolutionary
crises and stability similarly shaped politics in Europe and Asia,
but led to different outcomes. In this 25th anniversary edition,
Goldstone reflects on the history of revolutions in the last
twenty-five years, from the Philippines and other color revolutions
to the Arab Uprisings and the rise of the Islamic State. In a new
introduction, he re-examines his pioneering look at the role of
population changes-such as rising youth cohorts, urbanization,
shifting elite mobility--as continuing causal factors of
revolutions and rebellions. The new concluding chapter updates his
major theory and looks to the future of revolutions in the Middle
East, Asia, and Africa.
This Handbook offers an array of internationally recognized
experts’ essays that provide a current and comprehensive
examination of all dimensions of international population policies.
The book examines the theoretical foundations, the historical and
empirical evidence for policy formation, the policy levers and
modelling, as well as the new policy challenges. The section
Theoretical Foundations reviews population issues today, population
theories, the population policies’ framework as well as the
linkages between population, development, health, food systems, and
the environment. The next section Empirical Evidence discusses
international approaches to design and implement population
policies on a regional level. The section Policy Levers and
Modelling reviews the tools and the policy levers that are
available to design, implement, monitor, and measure the impact of
population policies. Finally, the section New Policy Challenges
examines the recurrent and emerging issues in population policies.
This section also discusses prospects for demographic
sustainability as well as future considerations for population
policies. As such this Handbook provides an important and
structured examination of contemporary population policies, their
evolution, and their prospects.
The 21st century has witnessed a considerable and increasing number
of political revolutions around the world. This contradicts the
popular belief of many experts in the 1970s that revolutions
occurred mainly in monarchies and empires. Instead, the revolutions
of this century have several new characteristics, which call for a
renewed analysis of the subject. This handbook offers a comparative
perspective on the new wave of revolutions of the last decade.
Presenting case studies on the color revolutions, the Arab
revolutions of 2010–2011, and the global wave of revolutions in
2013–2018 that spanned regions ranging from Africa to the
Caucasus, it offers a better understanding of the varied forms,
features, and historical backgrounds of revolutions, as well as
their causes. Accordingly, it highlights recent revolutions in
their historical and world-systems contexts. The handbook is
divided into seven parts, the first of which examines the history
of views on revolution and important aspects of the theory of
revolution. The second part analyzes revolutions within long-term
historical trends and in their world-system contexts. In turn, the
third part explores specific major revolutionary waves in history.
The fourth part analyzes the first revolutionary wave of the 21st
century (2000–2009), the so-called color revolutions, while the
fifth discusses the second wave – the Arab Spring (2010–2013)
– as an important turning point. The sixth part is dedicated to
analyzing revolutions and revolutionary movements beyond the Arab
Spring and some revolutionary events from the third wave that began
in 2018. The seventh and final part offers forecasts on the future
of revolutions. Given its scope, the book will appeal to scholars
and students from various disciplines interested in historical
trends, sociopolitical change, contentious politics, social
movements, and revolutionary processes involving both nonviolent
campaigns and political violence. ​"Once again, this volume
demonstrates the kind of open-minded, systematic analysis that the
field of revolutionary studies requires." (Prof. George
Lawson, Department of International
Relations, Australian National University Canberra)
The 21st century has witnessed a considerable and increasing number
of political revolutions around the world. This contradicts the
popular belief of many experts in the 1970s that revolutions
occurred mainly in monarchies and empires. Instead, the revolutions
of this century have several new characteristics, which call for a
renewed analysis of the subject. This handbook offers a comparative
perspective on the new wave of revolutions of the last decade.
Presenting case studies on the color revolutions, the Arab
revolutions of 2010-2011, and the global wave of revolutions in
2013-2018 that spanned regions ranging from Africa to the Caucasus,
it offers a better understanding of the varied forms, features, and
historical backgrounds of revolutions, as well as their causes.
Accordingly, it highlights recent revolutions in their historical
and world-systems contexts. The handbook is divided into seven
parts, the first of which examines the history of views on
revolution and important aspects of the theory of revolution. The
second part analyzes revolutions within long-term historical trends
and in their world-system contexts. In turn, the third part
explores specific major revolutionary waves in history. The fourth
part analyzes the first revolutionary wave of the 21st century
(2000-2009), the so-called color revolutions, while the fifth
discusses the second wave - the Arab Spring (2010-2013) - as an
important turning point. The sixth part is dedicated to analyzing
revolutions and revolutionary movements beyond the Arab Spring and
some revolutionary events from the third wave that began in 2018.
The seventh and final part offers forecasts on the future of
revolutions. Given its scope, the book will appeal to scholars and
students from various disciplines interested in historical trends,
sociopolitical change, contentious politics, social movements, and
revolutionary processes involving both nonviolent campaigns and
political violence. "Once again, this volume demonstrates the kind
of open-minded, systematic analysis that the field of revolutionary
studies requires." (Prof. George Lawson, Department of
International Relations, Australian National University Canberra)
This Handbook offers an array of internationally recognized
experts' essays that provide a current and comprehensive
examination of all dimensions of international population policies.
The book examines the theoretical foundations, the historical and
empirical evidence for policy formation, the policy levers and
modelling, as well as the new policy challenges. The section
Theoretical Foundations reviews population issues today, population
theories, the population policies' framework as well as the
linkages between population, development, health, food systems, and
the environment. The next section Empirical Evidence discusses
international approaches to design and implement population
policies on a regional level. The section Policy Levers and
Modelling reviews the tools and the policy levers that are
available to design, implement, monitor, and measure the impact of
population policies. Finally, the section New Policy Challenges
examines the recurrent and emerging issues in population policies.
This section also discusses prospects for demographic
sustainability as well as future considerations for population
policies. As such this Handbook provides an important and
structured examination of contemporary population policies, their
evolution, and their prospects.
From 1789 in France to 2011 in Cairo, revolutions have shaken the
world. In their pursuit of social justice, revolutionaries have
taken on the assembled might of monarchies, empires, and
dictatorships. They have often, though not always, sparked
cataclysmic violence, and have at times won miraculous victories,
though at other times suffered devastating defeat. This Very Short
Introduction illuminates the revolutionaries, their strategies,
their successes and failures, and the ways in which revolutions
continue to dominate world events and the popular imagination.
Starting with the city-states of ancient Greece and Rome, Jack
Goldstone traces the development of revolutions through the
Renaissance and Reformation, the Enlightenment and liberal
constitutional revolutions such as in America, and their
opposite-the communist revolutions of the 20th century. He shows
how revolutions overturned dictators in Nicaragua and Iran and
brought the collapse of communism in the Soviet Union and Eastern
Europe, and examines the new wave of non-violent "colour"
revolutions-the Philippines' Yellow Revolution, Ukraine's Orange
Revolution-and the Arab Uprisings of 2011-12 that rocked the Middle
East. Goldstone also sheds light on the major theories of
revolution, exploring the causes of revolutionary waves, the role
of revolutionary leaders, the strategies and processes of
revolutionary change, and the intersection between revolutions and
shifting patterns of global power. Finally, the author examines the
reasons for diverse revolutionary outcomes, from democracy to civil
war and authoritarian rule, and the likely future of revolution in
years to come. About the Series: Oxford's Very Short Introductions
series offers concise and original introductions to a wide range of
subjects-from Islam to Sociology, Politics to Classics, Literary
Theory to History, and Archaeology to the Bible. Not simply a
textbook of definitions, each volume in this series provides
trenchant and provocative-yet always balanced and
complete-discussions of the central issues in a given discipline or
field. Every Very Short Introduction gives a readable evolution of
the subject in question, demonstrating how the subject has
developed and how it has influenced society. Eventually, the series
will encompass every major academic discipline, offering all
students an accessible and abundant reference library. Whatever the
area of study that one deems important or appealing, whatever the
topic that fascinates the general reader, the Very Short
Introductions series has a handy and affordable guide that will
likely prove indispensable. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short
Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds
of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books
are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our
expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and
enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly
readable.
For the 250th anniversary of the founding of Dartmouth College, the
Political Economy Project at Dartmouth assembled a stellar cast of
junior and senior scholars to explore the systemic conditions
facing those seeking to found a new college two hundred fifty years
ago. What were the key political, economic and religious parameters
operating in the Atlantic world at the time of the College's
founding? What was the religious scene like at the moment when the
Rev. Samson Occom of the Mohegan nation and the Rev. Eleazar
Wheelock of Connecticut, two men from very different backgrounds
whose improbable meeting occurred during the Great Awakening of the
early 1740s, set about establishing a new school in the northern
woods in the 1760s? How were the agendas of contemporaries
differently mediated by the religious beliefs with which they
acted, on the one hand, and the emerging thought world of political
economy, very broadly understood, on the other? These are among the
rich and variegated topics addressed in Dartmouth and the World,
which breaks the mold of the traditional commemorative volume.
The field of political demography - the politics of population
change - is dramatically underrepresented in political science. At
a time when demographic changes - aging in the rich world, youth
bulges in the developing world, ethnic and religious shifts,
migration, and urbanization - are waxing as never before, this
neglect is especially glaring and starkly contrasts with the
enormous interest coming from policymakers and the media.
"Ten years ago, demography] was hardly on the radar screen,"
remarks Richard Jackson and Neil Howe of the Center for Strategic
and International Studies, two contributors to this volume.
"Today," they continue, "it dominates almost any discussion of
America's long-term fiscal, economic, or foreign-policy direction."
Demography is the most predictable of the social sciences: children
born in the last five years will be the new workers, voters,
soldiers, and potential insurgents of 2025 and the political elites
of the 2050s. Whether in the West or the developing world,
political scientists urgently need to understand the tectonics of
demography in order to grasp the full context of today's political
developments. This book begins to fill the gap from a global and
historical perspective and with the hope that scholars and
policymakers will take its insights on board to develop enlightened
policies for our collective future.
The aim of the book is to highlight and begin to give "voice" to some of the notable "silences" evident in recent years in the study of contentious politics. The coauthors hope to redress the present topical imbalance in the field. In particular, the authors take up seven specific topics in the volume: the relationship between emotions and contention; temporality in the study of contention; the spatial dimensions of contention; leadership in contention; the role of threat in contention; religion and contention; and contention in the context of demographic and life-course processes.
From Contention to Democracy addresses a crucial aspect of
contemporary societies: the role of social movements for political
and social change. The volume gathers together essays written by
prominent social theorists who have been asked to reflect on the
relationship between movements and processes of social, political
and cultural change. Three broad types of movement-change nexus are
distinguished and discussed: incorporation, transformation, and
democratization. The chapters in this book all point to the place
of social movements in relation to these three processes of change,
while discussing the history and well-known events of social
movements. Individual occurrences such as the protest of French
students in 1968 or Chilean shantytown dwellers are examined. The
final essay looks ahead, wondering: what is the future of social
movements?
Most books on social movements treat them as special episodes, apart from normal politics. This book is about how social protest movements become involved with political parties and elections. It reveals how movements really are a "normal" part of modern politics, shaping parties and elections.Everyone wanting to know how political parties and social movements actually operate should read this book.
Most books on social movements treat them as special episodes, apart from normal politics. This book is about how social protest movements become involved with political parties and elections. It reveals how movements really are a "normal" part of modern politics, shaping parties and elections.Everyone wanting to know how political parties and social movements actually operate should read this book.
The aim of the book is to highlight and begin to give "voice" to some of the notable "silences" evident in recent years in the study of contentious politics. The coauthors hope to redress the present topical imbalance in the field. In particular, the authors take up seven specific topics in the volume: the relationship between emotions and contention; temporality in the study of contention; the spatial dimensions of contention; leadership in contention; the role of threat in contention; religion and contention; and contention in the context of demographic and life-course processes.
The field of political demography - the politics of population
change - is dramatically underrepresented in political science. At
a time when demographic changes - aging in the rich world, youth
bulges in the developing world, ethnic and religious shifts,
migration, and urbanization - are waxing as never before, this
neglect is especially glaring and starkly contrasts with the
enormous interest coming from policymakers and the media. "Ten
years ago, [demography] was hardly on the radar screen," remarks
Richard Jackson and Neil Howe of the Center for Strategic and
International Studies, two contributors to this volume. "Today,"
they continue, "it dominates almost any discussion of America's
long-term fiscal, economic, or foreign-policy direction."
Demography is the most predictable of the social sciences: children
born in the last five years will be the new workers, voters,
soldiers, and potential insurgents of 2025 and the political elites
of the 2050s. Whether in the West or the developing world,
political scientists urgently need to understand the tectonics of
demography in order to grasp the full context of today's political
developments. This book begins to fill the gap from a global and
historical perspective and with the hope that scholars and
policymakers will take its insights on board to develop enlightened
policies for our collective future.
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