This edited volume focuses on the use of necessary condition counterfactuals in explaining two key events in twentieth century history, the origins of the First World War and the end of the Cold War.

Containing essays by leading figures in the field, this book analyzes the causal logics of necessary and sufficient conditions, demonstrates the variety of different ways in which necessary condition counterfactuals are used to explain the causes of individual events, and identifies errors commonly made in applying this form of causal logic to individual events. It includes discussions of causal chains, contingency, critical junctures, and powder keg explanations, and the role of necessary conditions in each.

Explaining War and Peace will be of great interest to students of qualitative analysis, the First World War, the Cold War, international history and international relations theory in general.

This edited volume focuses on the use of a ~necessary condition counterfactualsa (TM) in explaining two key events in twentieth century history, the origins of the First World War and the end of the Cold War.

Containing essays by leading figures in the field, this book analyzes the causal logics of necessary and sufficient conditions, demonstrates the variety of different ways in which necessary condition counterfactuals are used to explain the causes of individual events, and identifies errors commonly made in applying this form of causal logic to individual events. It includes discussions of causal chains, contingency, critical junctures, and a ~powder kega (TM) explanations, and the role of necessary conditions in each.

Explaining War and Peace will be of great interest to students of qualitative analysis, the First World War, the Cold War, international history and international relations theory in general.

Much of the work in this book has originated from an international project called "Education for Teachers". Educational researchers from Holland, USA, Australia and Israel look at an important element of teacher behaviour - that is the interpersonal actions which create and maintain a positive classroom atmosphere. The book uses systems theory and family therapy to analyze what happens in classrooms, looking at classes as "big families". It provides a simple way to collect feedback from participants in communication in education (students, teachers, principles, student-teacher supervisors). Thus for example, differences between students' perceptions and the teachers self-perception of the teacher communication style are are formed. This feedback can be used to improve teaching. The book reviews research on communication styles of teachers in secondary education with the help of the questionnaire on teacher interaction and includes implications for teacher programs.

Much of the work in this book has originated from an international project called "Education for Teachers". Educational researchers from Holland, USA, Australia and Israel look at an important element of teacher behaviour - that is the interpersonal actions which create and maintain a positive classroom atmosphere. The book uses systems theory and family therapy to analyze what happens in classrooms, looking at classes as "big families". It provides a simple way to collect feedback from participants in communication in education (students, teachers, principles, student-teacher supervisors). Thus for example, differences between students' perceptions and the teachers self-perception of the teacher communication style are are formed. This feedback can be used to improve teaching. The book reviews research on communication styles of teachers in secondary education with the help of the questionnaire on teacher interaction and includes implications for teacher programs.