ETHICS IN THE MELTING-POT Jack Mahoney & Elizabeth Vallance Professor Jack Mahoney is Director of the King's College Business Ethics Research Centre, University of London, and Elizabeth Vallance is Visiting Professor in Politics at Queen Mary and Westfield College, University of London. AT lHE START of this century Israel Zangwill wrote of 'the great Melting Pot where all the races of Europe are melting and reforming'. He was, of course, writing about the USA and had the American immigration experience in mind; but today one need not cross the Atlantic to see Europe as a melting-pot and its members in a state of profound flux and mutation. In Western Europe, what began in mid-century as a largely Franco German attempt to prevent a recurrence of European war, by identifying and creating a common industrial policy in coal and steel, evolved by degrees into an industrial alliance of western European nations and the creation of a Single European Market. Originally six, then ten, and currently twelve, the number of member states of the European Economic Community, more recently the European Community, is still on the increase, as new countries apply to join and others consider a future approach."

The Holy Spirit and Moral Action in Thomas Aquinas is a detailed study of how, according to one of Christianity's greatest visionary thinkers, God's Holy Spirit is continuously at work in and through humanity's moral activity. Jack Mahoney, SJ, documents, notably from Aquinas's commentaries on scripture, how "the grace of the Holy Spirit" prompts and influences people's minds, as well as their decisions to act, occasionally in unexpected ways. Through the gift of connatural wisdom, the Spirit empowers humans to appreciate God's own wise and loving design for the whole of creation, and enables them to cooperate freely in fulfilling their unique part in it.

This book is a detailed study of how, according to Thomas Aquinas, God's Holy Spirit is continuously at work in and through humanity's moral activity. Jack Mahoney, SJ, documents from Aquinas's interpretation of scripture his portrait of the Holy Spirit in action, showing that for Aquinas, "the grace of the Holy Spirit" was a matter of the "prompting" or instigation (instinctus) of the Holy Spirit, who "drives" God's children in their decisions (Romans 8:14) and enlightens their minds through the "law of the Spirit of life" (Romans 8:2). Mahoney examines Aquinas's descriptions of various biblical characters responded in the Spirit to personal moral choices and dilemmas, sometimes in unexpected ways, and how the same can happen today, especially in the light of biblical and Aristotelian teaching on the flexible application of general moral rules in varying circumstances. He elaborates the three "constants" that serve for Aquinas as criteria for authenticating the Spirit's dynamic presence in people's moral activity. Finally, Mahoney shows that the overarching structure of Aquinas's thought on the Holy Spirit's role is the deployment in history of God's all-embracing wisdom, "ordering all things well" (Wisdom 8:1).

Evolution has provided a new understanding of reality, with revolutionary consequences for Christianity. In an evolutionary perspective the incarnation involved God entering the evolving human species to help it imitate the trinitarian altruism in whose image it was created and counter its tendency to self-absorption. Primarily, however, the evolutionary achievement of Jesus was to confront and overcome death in an act of cosmic significance, ushering humanity into the culminating stage of its evolutionary destiny, the full sharing of God's inner life. Previously such doctrines as original sin, the fall, sacrifice, and atonement stemmed from viewing death as the penalty for sin and are shown not only to have serious difficulties in themselves, but also to emerge from a Jewish culture preoccupied with sin and sacrifice that could not otherwise account for death. The death of Jesus on the cross is now seen as saving humanity, not from sin, but from individual extinction and meaninglessness. Death is now seen as a normal process that affect all living things and the religious doctrines connected with explaining it in humans are no longer required or justified. Similar evolutionary implications are explored affecting other subjects of Christian belief, including the Church, the Eucharist, priesthood, and moral behavior.

ETHICS IN THE MELTING-POT Jack Mahoney & Elizabeth Vallance Professor Jack Mahoney is Director of the King's College Business Ethics Research Centre, University of London, and Elizabeth Vallance is Visiting Professor in Politics at Queen Mary and Westfield College, University of London. AT lHE START of this century Israel Zangwill wrote of 'the great Melting Pot where all the races of Europe are melting and reforming'. He was, of course, writing about the USA and had the American immigration experience in mind; but today one need not cross the Atlantic to see Europe as a melting-pot and its members in a state of profound flux and mutation. In Western Europe, what began in mid-century as a largely Franco German attempt to prevent a recurrence of European war, by identifying and creating a common industrial policy in coal and steel, evolved by degrees into an industrial alliance of western European nations and the creation of a Single European Market. Originally six, then ten, and currently twelve, the number of member states of the European Economic Community, more recently the European Community, is still on the increase, as new countries apply to join and others consider a future approach."

This book describes how the ethical conduct of business has become a topic of major interest in the USA and a subject for serious study in American universities and business schools. In Europe, including Great Britain, public concern is increasing about the moral aspects of business behaviour. Professor Mahoney shows how this growing concern is reflected in the programmes of business studies offered by various European universities and business schools. The results of a survey point to future developments in this area.