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The group of high school graduates who did not enlist immediately
after graduation but later join the Army has made up a significant
and increasing portion of total enlistments. This report presents
the results of a survey of 5,000 Army recruits designed to answer
questions about why they did not immediately enlist and why they
later chose to do so.
The California Department of Social Services asked RAND to study
the state=B9s policy for sanctioning welfare program participants
who do not comply with statutory requirements of the
welfare-to-work program. Researchers found that sanctions were weak
in practice and that caseworkers were reluctant to sanction
clients. Making sanction swifter, stronger, and safer are possible
directions for reforming sanction policy and practice.This book
reports on a study of California=B9s policy for sanctioning
participants who do not comply with statutory requirements of the
welfare-to-work program.
Although the military's need for enlisted personnel has declined by
almost one-third since the end of the cold war, the armed services
are finding it difficult to meet their recruiting goals. Among
ongoing changes in the civilian labor market is a strong demand for
skilled labor, which has prompted an increasing number of high
quality youth to pursue post-secondary education and subsequent
civilian employment. Because of this competition for high quality
youth, the Department of Defense may want to explore new options
for attracting desirable young people into the armed forces. The
military, for example, offers a myriad of options for service
members to take college courses while in active service. However,
the programs do not in fact generate significant increases in
educational attainment during time in service. One popular program,
the Montgomery GI Bill, enrolls large numbers of individuals, but
the vast majority of service members use their benefits after
separating from service. Thus, the military does not receive the
benefits of a more educated and productive workforce, unless the
individuals subsequently join a reserve component. The authors
suggest the Department of Defense should consider nontraditional
policy options to enhance recruitment of college-bound youth.
Recruiters could target more thoroughly students on two-year
college campuses, or dropouts from two- or four-year colleges.
Options for obtaining some college before military service could be
expanded by allowing high school seniors to first attend college,
paid for by the military, and then enlist. Or the student might
serve in a reserve component while in college and then enter an
active component after college. Alternatively, the military could
create an entirely new path for combining college and military
service by encouraging enlisted veterans to attend college and then
reenlist (at a higher pay grade). The most promising alternatives
should be evaluated in a national experiment designed to test their
effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, similar to the one that led
to the creation of the Army College Fund and the Navy College Fund.
Today, American service personnel are deploying at rates not seen
since the Vietnam War. Such deployments and activations have raised
concerns about their effect on the local economies. The authors of
this report use econometric models to analyze the impact of
activations and deployments on economic conditions, as measured by
changes in employment at the county level.
The RAND SLAM program is a software tool designed to aid analysts
in exploring the trade-offs between cost, stress, and risk in
military force structure decisions. The program's unique feature is
that it models force requirements stochastically, allowing for
analysis of requirements that vary unpredictably over time. This
report serves as a user's guide, explaining the program's features
and interface and detailing several example analyses.
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