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Coastal aquifers serve as major sources for freshwater supply in
many countries around the world, especially in arid and semi-arid
zones. Many coastal areas are also heavily urbanized, a fact that
makes the need for freshwater even more acute. Coastal aquifers are
highly sensitive to disturbances. Inappropriate management of a
coastal aquifer may lead to its destruction as a source for
freshwater much earlier than other aquifers which are not connected
to the sea. The reason is the threat of seawater intrusion. In many
coastal aquifers, intrusion of seawater has become one of the major
constraints imposed on groundwater utilization. As sea water
intrusion progresses, existing pumping wells, especially those
close to the coast, become saline and have to be abandoned. Also,
the area above the intruding seawater wedge is lost as a source of
natural replenishment to the aquifer. Despite the importance of
this subject, so far there does not exist a book that integrates
our present knowledge of seawater intrusion, its occurrences,
physical mechanism, chemistry, exploration by geo physical and
geochemical techniques, conceptual and mathematical modeling,
analytical and numerical solution methods, engineering measures of
combating seawater intrusion, management strategies, and experience
learned from case studies. By presenting this fairly comprehensive
volume on the state-of-the-art of knowledge and ex perience on
saltwater intrusion, we hoped to transfer this body of knowledge to
the geologists, hydrologists, hydraulic engineers, water resources
planners, managers, and governmental policy makers, who are engaged
in the sustainable development of coastal fresh ground water
resources."
This volume contains the invited lectures presented during the
NATO/ASI conducted in Pullman, Washington, July 9-18, 1989. This is
the third in a series of NATO/ASIs on transport phenomena in porous
media. The first two, which took place at Newark, Delaware in 1982
and 1985, are devoted to various topics related to the Fundamentals
of Transport Processes in Porous Media. The contents of the books
resulting from previous NATO/ASIs are given at the end of this
book. Transport of extensive quantities such as mass of a fluid
phase, mass of chemical species carried by a fluid phase, energy
and electric charge in porous media, as encountered in a large
variety of engineering disciplines, is an emerging
interdisciplinary field. The groundwater flow, the simultaneous
flow of gas, oil and water in petroleum reservoirs, the movement
and accumulation of pollutants in the saturated and unsaturated
subsurface zones, thermal energy storage in reservoirs, land
subsidence in response to charges in overburden loads, or to
pumping of fluids from underground formations, wave propagation in
seismic investigations or as produced by earthquakes, chemical
reactors, water flow through sand filters and the movement of
fluids through kidneys, may serve as examples of fields in which
the theory of transport in porous media is employed.
The main purpose of this book is to provide the theoretical
background to engineers and scientists engaged in modeling
transport phenomena in porous media, in connection with various
engineering projects, and to serve as a text for senior and
graduate courses on transport phenomena in porous media. Such
courses are taught in various disciplines, e. g. , civil
engineering, chemical engineering, reservoir engineering,
agricultural engineering and soil science. In these disciplines,
problems are encountered in which various extensive quantities, e.
g. , mass and heat, are transported through a porous material
domain. Often the porous material contains several fluid phases,
and the various extensive quantities are transported simultaneously
throughout the multiphase system. In all these disciplines,
management decisions related to a system's development and its
operation have to be made. To do so, the 'manager', or the planner,
needs a tool that will enable him to forecast the response of the
system to the implementation of proposed management schemes. This
forecast takes the form of spatial and temporal distributions of
variables that describe the future state of the considered system.
Pressure, stress, strain, density, velocity, solute concentration,
temperature, etc. , for each phase in the system, and sometime for
a component of a phase, may serve as examples of state variables.
The tool that enables the required predictions is the model. A
model may be defined as a simplified version of the real (porous
medium) system that approximately simulates the excitation-response
relations of the latter.
Transport phenomenain porous media are encounteredin various
disciplines, e. g. , civil engineering, chemical engineering,
reservoir engineering, agricul tural engineering and soil science.
In these disciplines, problems are en countered in which various
extensive quantities, e. g. , mass and heat, are transported
through a porous material domain. Often, the void space of the
porous material contains two or three fluid phases, and the various
ex tensive quantities are transported simultaneously through the
multiphase system. In all these disciplines, decisions related to a
system's development and its operation have to be made. To do so a
tool is needed that will pro vide a forecast of the system's
response to the implementation of proposed decisions. This response
is expressed in the form of spatial and temporal distributions of
the state variables that describe the system's behavior. Ex amples
of such state variables are pressure, stress, strain, density,
velocity, solute concentration, temperature, etc. , for each phase
in the system, The tool that enables the required predictions is
the model. A model may be defined as a simplified version of the
real porous medium system and the transport phenomena that occur in
it. Because the model is a sim plified version of the real system,
no unique model exists for a given porous medium system. Different
sets of simplifying assumptions, each suitable for a particular
task, will result in different models.
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Groundwater Contamination: Use of Models in Decision-Making - Proceedings of the International Conference on Groundwater Contamination: Use of Models in Decision-Making, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 26-29 October 1987, Organized by the International Ground Water Modeling Center (IGWMC), Indianapolis - Delft (Hardcover, 1989 ed.)
G. Jousma, Jacob Bear, Y.Y. Haimes, F. Walter
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R6,410
Discovery Miles 64 100
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Ships in 12 - 17 working days
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The protection of groundwater resources has emerged in recent years
as a high priority topic on the agenda of many countries. In
responding to the growing concern over deteriorating groundwater
quality, many countries are developing a comprehensive regulatory
framework for the management of subsurface water resources with
management referring to both quantity and quality aspects. Within
this framework, groundwater models are rapidly coming to playa
central role in the development of protection and rehabilitation
strategies. These models provide forecasts of the future state of
the groundwater aquifer systems and/or the unsaturated zone in
response to proposed management initiatives. For example, models
will predict the effects of implementing a proposed management
scheme on water levels and on the transport and fate of pollutants.
The models are now used in the formulation of policies and
regulations, the issuing of permits, design of monitoring and data
collection systems, and the development of enforcement actions. The
growth in the use of these sophisticated tools has led to many
unforeseen problems in groundwater management. Lingering issues
include reliability of codes, quality assurance in model
development and applications, efficient utiliza tion of human and
material resources, technology transfer and training. Some issues
have legal ramifications, as in cases where the applications of
models have been contested in courts."
This volume contains the lectures presented at the NATO ADVANCED
STUDY INSTITUTE that took place at Newark, Delaware, U. S. A. ,
July 14-23, 1985. The objective of this meeting was to present and
discuss selected topics associated with transport phenomena in
porous media. By their very nature, porous media and phenomena of
transport of extensive quantities that take place in them, are very
complex. The solid matrix may be rigid, or deformable (elastically,
or following some other constitutive relation), the void space may
be occupied by one or more fluid phases. Each fluid phase may be
composed of more than one component, with the various components
capable of interacting among themselves and/or with the solid
matrix. The transport process may be isothermal or non-isothermal,
with or without phase changes. Porous medium domains in which
extensive quantities, such as mass of a fluid phase, component of a
fluid phase, or heat of the porous medium as a whole, are being
transported occur in the practice in a variety of disciplines.
In many parts of the world, groundwater resources are under
increasing threat from growing demands, wasteful use, and
contamination. To face the challenge, good planning and management
practices are needed. A key to the management of groundwater is the
ability to model the movement of fluids and contaminants in the
subsurface. The purpose of this book is to construct conceptual and
mathematical models that can provide the information required for
making decisions associated with the management of groundwater
resources, and the remediation of contaminated aquifers. The basic
approach of this book is to accurately describe the underlying
physics of groundwater flow and solute transport in heterogeneous
porous media, starting at the microscopic level, and to rigorously
derive their mathematical representation at the macroscopic levels.
The well-posed, macroscopic mathematical models are formulated for
saturated, single phase flow, as well as for unsaturated and
multiphase flow, and for the transport of single and multiple
chemical species. Numerical models are presented and computer codes
are reviewed, as tools for solving the models. The problem of
seawater intrusion into coastal aquifers is examined and modeled.
The issues of uncertainty in model input data and output are
addressed. The book concludes with a chapter on the management of
groundwater resources. Although one of the main objectives of this
book is to construct mathematical models, the amount of mathematics
required is kept minimal.
The question of how to deal with fractured rock domains has always
been on the agenda of geohydrologists. Are Darcy's law and the
theory of flow through porous media applicable to fractured rock
aquifiers, at least when the flow is assumed to be in the laminar
flow range? Is the continuum approach applicable? This subject has
also been investigated by reservoir engineers because many
important petroleum reservoirs are in fractured rock formations. Of
special interest are reservoirs composed of fractured porous rocks,
in which the blocks surrounded by the network of fractures are
porous. The permeability of such blocks is often rather low, but
the porosity, and hence the storage capacity for fluids, is very
high. This "double porosity" model for fractured porous rock
domains was first introduced in the field of reservoir
engineering.;In the past two or three decades, fractured rock
domains have received increasing attention not only in reservoir
engineering and hydrology, but also in connection with geological
isolation of radioactive waste. Locations in both the saturated and
unsaturated zones have been under consideration because such
repositories are sources of heat and potential
In many parts of the world, groundwater resources are under
increasing threat from growing demands, wasteful use, and
contamination. To face the challenge, good planning and management
practices are needed. A key to the management of groundwater is the
ability to model the movement of fluids and contaminants in the
subsurface. The purpose of this book is to construct conceptual and
mathematical models that can provide the information required for
making decisions associated with the management of groundwater
resources, and the remediation of contaminated aquifers. The basic
approach of this book is to accurately describe the underlying
physics of groundwater flow and solute transport in heterogeneous
porous media, starting at the microscopic level, and to rigorously
derive their mathematical representation at the macroscopic levels.
The well-posed, macroscopic mathematical models are formulated for
saturated, single phase flow, as well as for unsaturated and
multiphase flow, and for the transport of single and multiple
chemical species. Numerical models are presented and computer codes
are reviewed, as tools for solving the models. The problem of
seawater intrusion into coastal aquifers is examined and modeled.
The issues of uncertainty in model input data and output are
addressed. The book concludes with a chapter on the management of
groundwater resources. Although one of the main objectives of this
book is to construct mathematical models, the amount of mathematics
required is kept minimal.
Transport phenomenain porous media are encounteredin various
disciplines, e. g. , civil engineering, chemical engineering,
reservoir engineering, agricul tural engineering and soil science.
In these disciplines, problems are en countered in which various
extensive quantities, e. g. , mass and heat, are transported
through a porous material domain. Often, the void space of the
porous material contains two or three fluid phases, and the various
ex tensive quantities are transported simultaneously through the
multiphase system. In all these disciplines, decisions related to a
system's development and its operation have to be made. To do so a
tool is needed that will pro vide a forecast of the system's
response to the implementation of proposed decisions. This response
is expressed in the form of spatial and temporal distributions of
the state variables that describe the system's behavior. Ex amples
of such state variables are pressure, stress, strain, density,
velocity, solute concentration, temperature, etc. , for each phase
in the system, The tool that enables the required predictions is
the model. A model may be defined as a simplified version of the
real porous medium system and the transport phenomena that occur in
it. Because the model is a sim plified version of the real system,
no unique model exists for a given porous medium system. Different
sets of simplifying assumptions, each suitable for a particular
task, will result in different models.
This volume contains the lectures presented at the NATO Advanced
Study Institute that took place at the University of Delaware,
Newark, Delaware, July 18-27, 1982. The purpose of this Institute
was to provide an international forum for exchange of ideas and
dissemination of knowledge on some selected topics in Mechanics of
Fluids in Porous Media. Processes of transport of such extensive
quantities as mass of a phase, mass of a component of a phase,
momentum and/or heat occur in diversified fields, such as petroleum
reservoir engineer ing, groundwater hydraulics, soil mechanics,
industrial filtration, water purification, wastewater treatment,
soil drainage and irri gation, and geothermal energy production. In
all these areas, scientists, engineers and planners make use of
mathematical models that describe the relevant transport processes
that occur within porous medium domains, and enable the forecasting
of the future state of the latter in response to planned
activities. The mathe matical models, in turn, are based on the
understanding of phenomena, often within the void space, and on
theories that re late these phenomena to measurable quantities.
Because of the pressing needs in areas of practical interest, such
as the develop ment of groundwater resources, the control and
abatement of groundwater contamination, underground energy storage
and geo thermal energy production, a vast amount of research
efforts in all these fields has contributed, especially in the last
t o decades, to our understanding and ability to describe transport
phenomena."
|
Groundwater Contamination: Use of Models in Decision-Making - Proceedings of the International Conference on Groundwater Contamination: Use of Models in Decision-Making, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 26-29 October 1987, Organized by the International Ground Water Modeling Center (IGWMC), Indianapolis - Delft (Paperback, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1989)
G. Jousma, Jacob Bear, Y.Y. Haimes, F. Walter
|
R5,633
Discovery Miles 56 330
|
Out of stock
|
The protection of groundwater resources has emerged in recent years
as a high priority topic on the agenda of many countries. In
responding to the growing concern over deteriorating groundwater
quality, many countries are developing a comprehensive regulatory
framework for the management of subsurface water resources with
management referring to both quantity and quality aspects. Within
this framework, groundwater models are rapidly coming to playa
central role in the development of protection and rehabilitation
strategies. These models provide forecasts of the future state of
the groundwater aquifer systems and/or the unsaturated zone in
response to proposed management initiatives. For example, models
will predict the effects of implementing a proposed management
scheme on water levels and on the transport and fate of pollutants.
The models are now used in the formulation of policies and
regulations, the issuing of permits, design of monitoring and data
collection systems, and the development of enforcement actions. The
growth in the use of these sophisticated tools has led to many
unforeseen problems in groundwater management. Lingering issues
include reliability of codes, quality assurance in model
development and applications, efficient utiliza tion of human and
material resources, technology transfer and training. Some issues
have legal ramifications, as in cases where the applications of
models have been contested in courts."
This volume contains the lectures presented at the NATO ADVANCED
STUDY INSTITUTE that took place at Newark, Delaware, U. S. A. ,
July 14-23, 1985. The objective of this meeting was to present and
discuss selected topics associated with transport phenomena in
porous media. By their very nature, porous media and phenomena of
transport of extensive quantities that take place in them, are very
complex. The solid matrix may be rigid, or deformable (elastically,
or following some other constitutive relation), the void space may
be occupied by one or more fluid phases. Each fluid phase may be
composed of more than one component, with the various components
capable of interacting among themselves and/or with the solid
matrix. The transport process may be isothermal or non-isothermal,
with or without phase changes. Porous medium domains in which
extensive quantities, such as mass of a fluid phase, component of a
fluid phase, or heat of the porous medium as a whole, are being
transported occur in the practice in a variety of disciplines.
Coastal aquifers serve as major sources for freshwater supply in
many countries around the world, especially in arid and semi-arid
zones. Many coastal areas are also heavily urbanized, a fact that
makes the need for freshwater even more acute. Coastal aquifers are
highly sensitive to disturbances. Inappropriate management of a
coastal aquifer may lead to its destruction as a source for
freshwater much earlier than other aquifers which are not connected
to the sea. The reason is the threat of seawater intrusion. In many
coastal aquifers, intrusion of seawater has become one of the major
constraints imposed on groundwater utilization. As sea water
intrusion progresses, existing pumping wells, especially those
close to the coast, become saline and have to be abandoned. Also,
the area above the intruding seawater wedge is lost as a source of
natural replenishment to the aquifer. Despite the importance of
this subject, so far there does not exist a book that integrates
our present knowledge of seawater intrusion, its occurrences,
physical mechanism, chemistry, exploration by geo physical and
geochemical techniques, conceptual and mathematical modeling,
analytical and numerical solution methods, engineering measures of
combating seawater intrusion, management strategies, and experience
learned from case studies. By presenting this fairly comprehensive
volume on the state-of-the-art of knowledge and ex perience on
saltwater intrusion, we hoped to transfer this body of knowledge to
the geologists, hydrologists, hydraulic engineers, water resources
planners, managers, and governmental policy makers, who are engaged
in the sustainable development of coastal fresh ground water
resources."
The main purpose of this book is to provide the theoretical
background to engineers and scientists engaged in modeling
transport phenomena in porous media, in connection with various
engineering projects, and to serve as a text for senior and
graduate courses on transport phenomena in porous media. Such
courses are taught in various disciplines, e. g. , civil
engineering, chemical engineering, reservoir engineering,
agricultural engineering and soil science. In these disciplines,
problems are encountered in which various extensive quantities, e.
g. , mass and heat, are transported through a porous material
domain. Often the porous material contains several fluid phases,
and the various extensive quantities are transported simultaneously
throughout the multiphase system. In all these disciplines,
management decisions related to a system's development and its
operation have to be made. To do so, the 'manager', or the planner,
needs a tool that will enable him to forecast the response of the
system to the implementation of proposed management schemes. This
forecast takes the form of spatial and temporal distributions of
variables that describe the future state of the considered system.
Pressure, stress, strain, density, velocity, solute concentration,
temperature, etc. , for each phase in the system, and sometime for
a component of a phase, may serve as examples of state variables.
The tool that enables the required predictions is the model. A
model may be defined as a simplified version of the real (porous
medium) system that approximately simulates the excitation-response
relations of the latter.
Groundwater constitutes an important component of many water
resource systems, supplying water for domestic use, for industry,
and for agriculture. Management of a groundwater system, an
aquifer, or a system of aquifers, means making such decisions as to
the total quantity of water to be withdrawn annually, the location
of wells for pumping and for artificial recharge and their rates,
and control conditions at aquifer boundaries. Not less important
are decisions related to groundwater qUality. In fact, the quantity
and quality problems cannot be separated. In many parts of the
world, with the increased withdrawal of ground water, often beyond
permissible limits, the quality of groundwater has been
continuously deteriorating, causing much concern to both suppliers
and users. In recent years, in addition to general groundwater
quality aspects, public attention has been focused on groundwater
contamination by hazardous industrial wastes, by leachate from
landfills, by oil spills, and by agricultural activities such as
the use of fertilizers, pesticides, and herbicides, and by
radioactive waste in repositories located in deep geological
formations, to mention some of the most acute contamination
sources. In all these cases, management means making decisions to
achieve goals without violating specified constraints. In order to
enable the planner, or the decision maker, to compare alternative
modes of action and to ensure that the constraints are not
violated, a tool is needed that will provide information about the
response of the system (the aquifer) to various alternatives."
Shepherd Boy. Poet. Musician. Warrior. King. One of the most well
known and beloved stories of all time comes to Bluewater Comics!
From his anointing by the Prophet Samuel, to his slaying of the
mighty Goliath through his time as the second king of the Kingdom
of Israel, experience the triumphant, and sometimes tragic, life of
the man 'after God's own heart'. The latest offering in Bluewater's
exciting 'Faith Comics' bio series!
This text explores the laws and equations governing the flow and
storage of groundwater in aquifers. It provides groundwater
hydrologists -- as well as engineers and planners dealing with the
development and management of groundwater resources -- with all the
necessary tools to forecast the behavior of a regional aquifer
system. 1979 edition.
This is the definitive work on the subject by one of the world's foremost hydrologists, designed primarily for advanced undergraduate and graduate students of ground water hydrology, soil mechanics, soil physics, drainage and irrigation engineering, and sanitary, petroleum and chemical engineering. 335 black-and-white illustrations. Exercises, with answers.
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